{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:UIOQDH66T3D26DYB72IDU6WKRO","short_pith_number":"pith:UIOQDH66","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.05217","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-11T08:24:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"22223f3e0485de364b0c68c5becf968c597bf483b693262342b1134e2dd006ed","abstract_canon_sha256":"b0b30c2fb95caf8295aeab938c26899cdf4250cf990abc2426605c62556b50b4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a21d019fde9ec7af0f01fe903a7aca8bbdd419f55dcc5f638f89cd96c323d001","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2109.05217","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.05217","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.05217v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.05217","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UIOQDH66T3D2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UIOQDH66T3D26DYB","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UIOQDH66","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:UIOQDH66T3D26DYB72IDU6WKRO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.05217","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-11T08:24:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"22223f3e0485de364b0c68c5becf968c597bf483b693262342b1134e2dd006ed","abstract_canon_sha256":"b0b30c2fb95caf8295aeab938c26899cdf4250cf990abc2426605c62556b50b4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a21d019fde9ec7af0f01fe903a7aca8bbdd419f55dcc5f638f89cd96c323d001","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36.463465Z","signature_b64":"ll61D77ocFZ5ByYEQ5pTDSf7ZAndIuz5qsT7Fl8qqsv8ewqnv4/14nBa6cgwPB/d5lCIbXqIgbNTkUpvImADDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a21d019fde9ec7af0f01fe903a7aca8bbdd419f55dcc5f638f89cd96c323d001","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36.463086Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36.463086Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2109.05217","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xk602UWdNpJKGfS0yMlnBWQrLAlrnm7/7VfhTizRnCrAqx7in8wKPU5N0q8zRPrhLxZhVmdmddE51quSN2bOAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T01:26:39.881812Z"},"content_sha256":"24d4c8c469794bb48a24a1022369a48ed69000eee80edec75db725182388f372","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:24d4c8c469794bb48a24a1022369a48ed69000eee80edec75db725182388f372"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:UIOQDH66T3D26DYB72IDU6WKRO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Empirical Analysis of Training Strategies of Transformer-based Japanese Chit-chat Systems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Hideharu Nakajima, Hiroaki Sugiyama, Hiromi Narimatsu, Masahiro Mizukami, Toyomi Meguro, Tsunehiro Arimoto, Yuya Chiba","submitted_at":"2021-09-11T08:24:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"In recent years, several high-performance conversational systems have been proposed based on the Transformer encoder-decoder model. Although previous studies analyzed the effects of the model parameters and the decoding method on subjective dialogue evaluations with overall metrics, they did not analyze how the differences of fine-tuning datasets affect on user's detailed impression. In addition, the Transformer-based approach has only been verified for English, not for such languages with large inter-language distances as Japanese. In this study, we develop large-scale Transformer-based Japan"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.05217","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2109.05217/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KWI95XXxRNvjOg1e6zIhq2DK1hmveEtkbWngh0AYdcgf9EJXkFiUE0IowAaEeqgBuBy8pexf9+s5H/pQB59sDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T01:26:39.882413Z"},"content_sha256":"958ffc66bc009813c572fa6c576a7214a232d1f52206d74390bc1d65aff704f7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:958ffc66bc009813c572fa6c576a7214a232d1f52206d74390bc1d65aff704f7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UIOQDH66T3D26DYB72IDU6WKRO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UIOQDH66T3D26DYB72IDU6WKRO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UIOQDH66T3D26DYB72IDU6WKRO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-23T01:26:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UIOQDH66T3D26DYB72IDU6WKRO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UIOQDH66T3D26DYB72IDU6WKRO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UIOQDH66T3D26DYB72IDU6WKRO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UIOQDH66T3D26DYB72IDU6WKRO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:UIOQDH66T3D26DYB72IDU6WKRO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b0b30c2fb95caf8295aeab938c26899cdf4250cf990abc2426605c62556b50b4","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-11T08:24:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"22223f3e0485de364b0c68c5becf968c597bf483b693262342b1134e2dd006ed"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.05217","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.05217","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.05217v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.05217","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UIOQDH66T3D2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UIOQDH66T3D26DYB","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UIOQDH66","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:958ffc66bc009813c572fa6c576a7214a232d1f52206d74390bc1d65aff704f7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2109.05217/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In recent years, several high-performance conversational systems have been proposed based on the Transformer encoder-decoder model. Although previous studies analyzed the effects of the model parameters and the decoding method on subjective dialogue evaluations with overall metrics, they did not analyze how the differences of fine-tuning datasets affect on user's detailed impression. In addition, the Transformer-based approach has only been verified for English, not for such languages with large inter-language distances as Japanese. In this study, we develop large-scale Transformer-based Japan","authors_text":"Hideharu Nakajima, Hiroaki Sugiyama, Hiromi Narimatsu, Masahiro Mizukami, Toyomi Meguro, Tsunehiro Arimoto, Yuya Chiba","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-11T08:24:23Z","title":"Empirical Analysis of Training Strategies of Transformer-based Japanese Chit-chat Systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.05217","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:24d4c8c469794bb48a24a1022369a48ed69000eee80edec75db725182388f372","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b0b30c2fb95caf8295aeab938c26899cdf4250cf990abc2426605c62556b50b4","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-11T08:24:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"22223f3e0485de364b0c68c5becf968c597bf483b693262342b1134e2dd006ed"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.05217","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a21d019fde9ec7af0f01fe903a7aca8bbdd419f55dcc5f638f89cd96c323d001","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a21d019fde9ec7af0f01fe903a7aca8bbdd419f55dcc5f638f89cd96c323d001","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36.463086Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36.463086Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ll61D77ocFZ5ByYEQ5pTDSf7ZAndIuz5qsT7Fl8qqsv8ewqnv4/14nBa6cgwPB/d5lCIbXqIgbNTkUpvImADDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:36.463465Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2109.05217","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:24d4c8c469794bb48a24a1022369a48ed69000eee80edec75db725182388f372","sha256:958ffc66bc009813c572fa6c576a7214a232d1f52206d74390bc1d65aff704f7"],"state_sha256":"f8829d76bb252894ea7bee375547b68460691134158d7165b164387e34d27a23"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"N64ZT7CnI7+JUlkcGWTv5aWPLSpGDwSxCtDtRwOLhF3nNzF2bVP8twTkH37KPyZxm06FA1sqjBlqBQHlVU+sDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T01:26:39.886093Z","bundle_sha256":"26eca437fd8d9485dc38c65c61aa5e1897947ce39a80b03b678f7e264bcd1a62"}}