{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:ULB33372ZVXXGPGCVPK3SALQ5Z","short_pith_number":"pith:ULB33372","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1201.2352","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-01-11T17:20:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ea8b8185b5af14f411fbe1c1331b2e048bec3fab0aba7c7cea22db3f34b81e13","abstract_canon_sha256":"6346ba3512ca607b128767be3d77a305e467af45c69ac300c52b8040e1cea242"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a2c3bdeffacd6f733cc2abd5b90170ee7183e5b1828cdd86b71fda10feff1846","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1201.2352","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1201.2352","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1201.2352v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1201.2352","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ULB33372ZVXX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ULB33372ZVXXGPGC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ULB33372","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:ULB33372ZVXXGPGCVPK3SALQ5Z","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1201.2352","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-01-11T17:20:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ea8b8185b5af14f411fbe1c1331b2e048bec3fab0aba7c7cea22db3f34b81e13","abstract_canon_sha256":"6346ba3512ca607b128767be3d77a305e467af45c69ac300c52b8040e1cea242"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a2c3bdeffacd6f733cc2abd5b90170ee7183e5b1828cdd86b71fda10feff1846","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:43.640534Z","signature_b64":"WqQhrcspOZuDihQq722zaMD5yNNBqzFfHX8GuIaKjzZb7VjXU38gElGL0eChwypgE00I+CAcqm8Sl/H4krhZDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a2c3bdeffacd6f733cc2abd5b90170ee7183e5b1828cdd86b71fda10feff1846","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:43.639929Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:43.639929Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1201.2352","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"70nHvNNgL12r56LXvK+T5x37JLz81QBzWWa3Bq7kSSIlVWhMJSzufGdC6wfX7/IqlmqQTkSeE2hSM6SK7AZ5CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T12:59:53.283005Z"},"content_sha256":"0480feb6a95a265324e3230a2fb22baaf034ad5fb69aa8a1edf79d3097f149ab","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0480feb6a95a265324e3230a2fb22baaf034ad5fb69aa8a1edf79d3097f149ab"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:ULB33372ZVXXGPGCVPK3SALQ5Z","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Local chirality of optical waves in ultrasmall resonators","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Brandon Redding, Glenn S. Solomon, Hui Cao, Jan Wiersig, Li Ge, Qinghai Song","submitted_at":"2012-01-11T17:20:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"The local chiral symmetry between clockwise (CW) and counter-clockwise (CCW) propagating light in a deformed microcavity can be broken by wave optics effects, which become significant as the cavity size approaches the wavelength. We show that the spatial separation of the CW and CCW ray orbits underlying the high quality factor resonant modes results in unidirectional emission in free space. In the presence of a waveguide, evanescent coupling also becomes directional, and the output direction can be varied by selecting the coupling position along the cavity boundary. Our results demonstrate th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1201.2352","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WwWe42pJMjLAgIEnvtBhWQwbird5YcdrHKJ7Do5mNXNUHR9zfEW+4kaxNtz2gx2W9O+gIt5W4xSK7VKH1aK0BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T12:59:53.283376Z"},"content_sha256":"8ff89f656e30bc76a447b3857fa142bc68a73af916f2079c79b1171b6b7f80d2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8ff89f656e30bc76a447b3857fa142bc68a73af916f2079c79b1171b6b7f80d2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ULB33372ZVXXGPGCVPK3SALQ5Z/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ULB33372ZVXXGPGCVPK3SALQ5Z/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ULB33372ZVXXGPGCVPK3SALQ5Z/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T12:59:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ULB33372ZVXXGPGCVPK3SALQ5Z","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ULB33372ZVXXGPGCVPK3SALQ5Z/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ULB33372ZVXXGPGCVPK3SALQ5Z/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ULB33372ZVXXGPGCVPK3SALQ5Z/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:ULB33372ZVXXGPGCVPK3SALQ5Z","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6346ba3512ca607b128767be3d77a305e467af45c69ac300c52b8040e1cea242","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-01-11T17:20:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"ea8b8185b5af14f411fbe1c1331b2e048bec3fab0aba7c7cea22db3f34b81e13"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1201.2352","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1201.2352","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1201.2352v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1201.2352","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ULB33372ZVXX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ULB33372ZVXXGPGC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ULB33372","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8ff89f656e30bc76a447b3857fa142bc68a73af916f2079c79b1171b6b7f80d2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The local chiral symmetry between clockwise (CW) and counter-clockwise (CCW) propagating light in a deformed microcavity can be broken by wave optics effects, which become significant as the cavity size approaches the wavelength. We show that the spatial separation of the CW and CCW ray orbits underlying the high quality factor resonant modes results in unidirectional emission in free space. In the presence of a waveguide, evanescent coupling also becomes directional, and the output direction can be varied by selecting the coupling position along the cavity boundary. Our results demonstrate th","authors_text":"Brandon Redding, Glenn S. Solomon, Hui Cao, Jan Wiersig, Li Ge, Qinghai Song","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-01-11T17:20:01Z","title":"Local chirality of optical waves in ultrasmall resonators"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1201.2352","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0480feb6a95a265324e3230a2fb22baaf034ad5fb69aa8a1edf79d3097f149ab","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6346ba3512ca607b128767be3d77a305e467af45c69ac300c52b8040e1cea242","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-01-11T17:20:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"ea8b8185b5af14f411fbe1c1331b2e048bec3fab0aba7c7cea22db3f34b81e13"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1201.2352","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"a2c3bdeffacd6f733cc2abd5b90170ee7183e5b1828cdd86b71fda10feff1846","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a2c3bdeffacd6f733cc2abd5b90170ee7183e5b1828cdd86b71fda10feff1846","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:43.639929Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:43.639929Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"WqQhrcspOZuDihQq722zaMD5yNNBqzFfHX8GuIaKjzZb7VjXU38gElGL0eChwypgE00I+CAcqm8Sl/H4krhZDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:43.640534Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1201.2352","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0480feb6a95a265324e3230a2fb22baaf034ad5fb69aa8a1edf79d3097f149ab","sha256:8ff89f656e30bc76a447b3857fa142bc68a73af916f2079c79b1171b6b7f80d2"],"state_sha256":"2ade10203e31b840f3d06a4a66ac3d7f81baf42ec5415d31053e7edaf1eea2da"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rO6/XaHDcGADwyhiyPngmpViTL7ocgzuTtJjcal34TZvxAiqytRvfNR7k2SDAQy9NamKsfPTBNx7RgOhZ/EwBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T12:59:53.285453Z","bundle_sha256":"8fb2699c91c1d6ae727bf8013623e4142da4c707b683a290775afcfd967a55f1"}}