{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:ULIQB5QGV33QHMP62PEURNSHUI","short_pith_number":"pith:ULIQB5QG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2103.15753","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-03-29T16:47:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","cs.DC","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"0b93b2ee23d616972a463186087d39eed83d9fbdd57dd6c5648fabe80a416187","abstract_canon_sha256":"a3fdd47f44a8034a9aaabc7fe1f81ae53665c40ad51a82aa8ef98a3fa07055c0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a2d100f606aef703b1fed3c948b647a23785cacfa45622fe454f1233b27803df","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2103.15753","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2103.15753","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2103.15753v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2103.15753","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ULIQB5QGV33Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ULIQB5QGV33QHMP6","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ULIQB5QG","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:ULIQB5QGV33QHMP62PEURNSHUI","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2103.15753","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-03-29T16:47:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","cs.DC","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"0b93b2ee23d616972a463186087d39eed83d9fbdd57dd6c5648fabe80a416187","abstract_canon_sha256":"a3fdd47f44a8034a9aaabc7fe1f81ae53665c40ad51a82aa8ef98a3fa07055c0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a2d100f606aef703b1fed3c948b647a23785cacfa45622fe454f1233b27803df","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46.405286Z","signature_b64":"fpS502OdTTXc6ho4MphZXdmdZwYupUdkUunL8tdUVXxm1wtPeLEKDENj4jrCHMUzQ5FiM/MLoNN1nPYlybINAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a2d100f606aef703b1fed3c948b647a23785cacfa45622fe454f1233b27803df","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46.404720Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46.404720Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2103.15753","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+B90E1FqseyDDWPwasFqBV19nYpAXVdFqZVeww5g1fQfWM41gQSEHlJ6it8bjqFTdGVK32L2wOdBLZPHosmeCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T10:22:13.326010Z"},"content_sha256":"0240da6d4113a7184d71c19df7b2440e2c4cfc1ead9952b3b56cf24e8d60dc9a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0240da6d4113a7184d71c19df7b2440e2c4cfc1ead9952b3b56cf24e8d60dc9a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:ULIQB5QGV33QHMP62PEURNSHUI","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Privacy and Trust Redefined in Federated Machine Learning","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CY","cs.DC","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Adam J. Hall, Nikolaos Pitropakis, Pavlos Papadopoulos, Will Abramson, William J. Buchanan","submitted_at":"2021-03-29T16:47:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"A common privacy issue in traditional machine learning is that data needs to be disclosed for the training procedures. In situations with highly sensitive data such as healthcare records, accessing this information is challenging and often prohibited. Luckily, privacy-preserving technologies have been developed to overcome this hurdle by distributing the computation of the training and ensuring the data privacy to their owners. The distribution of the computation to multiple participating entities introduces new privacy complications and risks. In this paper, we present a privacy-preserving de"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2103.15753","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2103.15753/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"i59EOmKZDlfhFfMrzILMq5IExz+ixs+Dragmn6Oznc+1Nm1tS918g/xFhBy/1UPIP1fM0P96nm856W82VB8VAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T10:22:13.326432Z"},"content_sha256":"ad08805de47799209f25eb36cc3a258fd3829c9403e8564db61d6175f028a419","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ad08805de47799209f25eb36cc3a258fd3829c9403e8564db61d6175f028a419"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ULIQB5QGV33QHMP62PEURNSHUI/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ULIQB5QGV33QHMP62PEURNSHUI/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ULIQB5QGV33QHMP62PEURNSHUI/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T10:22:13Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ULIQB5QGV33QHMP62PEURNSHUI","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ULIQB5QGV33QHMP62PEURNSHUI/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ULIQB5QGV33QHMP62PEURNSHUI/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ULIQB5QGV33QHMP62PEURNSHUI/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:ULIQB5QGV33QHMP62PEURNSHUI","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a3fdd47f44a8034a9aaabc7fe1f81ae53665c40ad51a82aa8ef98a3fa07055c0","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","cs.DC","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-03-29T16:47:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"0b93b2ee23d616972a463186087d39eed83d9fbdd57dd6c5648fabe80a416187"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2103.15753","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2103.15753","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2103.15753v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2103.15753","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ULIQB5QGV33Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ULIQB5QGV33QHMP6","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ULIQB5QG","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ad08805de47799209f25eb36cc3a258fd3829c9403e8564db61d6175f028a419","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2103.15753/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A common privacy issue in traditional machine learning is that data needs to be disclosed for the training procedures. In situations with highly sensitive data such as healthcare records, accessing this information is challenging and often prohibited. Luckily, privacy-preserving technologies have been developed to overcome this hurdle by distributing the computation of the training and ensuring the data privacy to their owners. The distribution of the computation to multiple participating entities introduces new privacy complications and risks. In this paper, we present a privacy-preserving de","authors_text":"Adam J. Hall, Nikolaos Pitropakis, Pavlos Papadopoulos, Will Abramson, William J. Buchanan","cross_cats":["cs.CY","cs.DC","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-03-29T16:47:01Z","title":"Privacy and Trust Redefined in Federated Machine Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2103.15753","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0240da6d4113a7184d71c19df7b2440e2c4cfc1ead9952b3b56cf24e8d60dc9a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a3fdd47f44a8034a9aaabc7fe1f81ae53665c40ad51a82aa8ef98a3fa07055c0","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","cs.DC","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-03-29T16:47:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"0b93b2ee23d616972a463186087d39eed83d9fbdd57dd6c5648fabe80a416187"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2103.15753","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"a2d100f606aef703b1fed3c948b647a23785cacfa45622fe454f1233b27803df","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a2d100f606aef703b1fed3c948b647a23785cacfa45622fe454f1233b27803df","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46.404720Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46.404720Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"fpS502OdTTXc6ho4MphZXdmdZwYupUdkUunL8tdUVXxm1wtPeLEKDENj4jrCHMUzQ5FiM/MLoNN1nPYlybINAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:46.405286Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2103.15753","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0240da6d4113a7184d71c19df7b2440e2c4cfc1ead9952b3b56cf24e8d60dc9a","sha256:ad08805de47799209f25eb36cc3a258fd3829c9403e8564db61d6175f028a419"],"state_sha256":"5ccdf5584b5fe0b56a482a705c97e25a5d77fade1caf2d85635eafb20be529a0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0dX0QGDfm1yS0BAT0A9NKntALw4jGfjyQ7DL5Yca4C4Xz2YEjwG1dGq/sg7SkzNbJilhH7BrA0JPSr+v6H2vCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T10:22:13.328341Z","bundle_sha256":"b95e5c09bbcb1856a2a209219fa059e96ea9243298aaae231f3168ce43eb4709"}}