{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:UMXTGRQUYAV57SHGBTYTWOQ3HR","short_pith_number":"pith:UMXTGRQU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1909.11328","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2019-09-25T08:03:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"b326c543a84ecbdefac5d0a3ab67b05a49115512a5d7bc18c2bc72619ea92a56","abstract_canon_sha256":"6b6bae641a1a165ac1c3919b900628f12c9222f31edb6a45d2029050516c9c7b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a32f334614c02bdfc8e60cf13b3a1b3c72ec9bf0e4e243d94ec0b1f65e2bbf3d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1909.11328","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1909.11328","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1909.11328v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1909.11328","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UMXTGRQUYAV5","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UMXTGRQUYAV57SHG","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UMXTGRQU","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:UMXTGRQUYAV57SHGBTYTWOQ3HR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1909.11328","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2019-09-25T08:03:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"b326c543a84ecbdefac5d0a3ab67b05a49115512a5d7bc18c2bc72619ea92a56","abstract_canon_sha256":"6b6bae641a1a165ac1c3919b900628f12c9222f31edb6a45d2029050516c9c7b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a32f334614c02bdfc8e60cf13b3a1b3c72ec9bf0e4e243d94ec0b1f65e2bbf3d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24.480793Z","signature_b64":"Q8gjI1ZJyz0EBO7sCF+ik6sLPA1VicX3DK+M0cr2szX974fr5pURk5LeYpH2Elf6bYEbRXPjKE4uSO1TkGImDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a32f334614c02bdfc8e60cf13b3a1b3c72ec9bf0e4e243d94ec0b1f65e2bbf3d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24.480309Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24.480309Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1909.11328","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/QUgEDjoRS0+D9YMvc+jrb5hJA+u+ZQespaPjVKSCiRHhN9YndaUxEAkV+n9OXyF3J5n7Cg6arQhCg03j/Z6AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T02:17:32.218097Z"},"content_sha256":"26d88d39d484038aae08c56ab60daf41b69144a7486678e78a0b2209731588a6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:26d88d39d484038aae08c56ab60daf41b69144a7486678e78a0b2209731588a6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:UMXTGRQUYAV57SHGBTYTWOQ3HR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Population Synthesis of Black Hole Binaries with Normal-Star Companions: I. Detached Systems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"Xiang-Dong Li, Yong Shao","submitted_at":"2019-09-25T08:03:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"Optical observations of normal-stars in binary systems with massive unseen objects have been proposed to search for candidate black holes (BHs) and provide a direct measurement of their dynamical masses. In this paper, we have performed binary population synthesis calculations to simulate the potential population of detached binaries containing BHs and normal-star companions in the Galaxy. We focus on the influence of the BH progenitors. In the traditional model, BHs in binaries evolve from stars more massive than $ \\sim25M_{\\odot} $. However, it is difficult for this model to produce BH low-m"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1909.11328","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1909.11328/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y+KuHQIscF+vo7uk6r8KqHBv/NmqaP8z31l6B/ap7P7vfn8lG2V1OY1Lw1RAf2Uf7IP0/NO7VNpNaymwlWIgCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T02:17:32.218746Z"},"content_sha256":"b2d4e1604acee374e1ee8c47e921f0911f567f46f637f02fabe51a8f3f756257","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b2d4e1604acee374e1ee8c47e921f0911f567f46f637f02fabe51a8f3f756257"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UMXTGRQUYAV57SHGBTYTWOQ3HR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UMXTGRQUYAV57SHGBTYTWOQ3HR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UMXTGRQUYAV57SHGBTYTWOQ3HR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T02:17:32Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UMXTGRQUYAV57SHGBTYTWOQ3HR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UMXTGRQUYAV57SHGBTYTWOQ3HR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UMXTGRQUYAV57SHGBTYTWOQ3HR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UMXTGRQUYAV57SHGBTYTWOQ3HR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:UMXTGRQUYAV57SHGBTYTWOQ3HR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6b6bae641a1a165ac1c3919b900628f12c9222f31edb6a45d2029050516c9c7b","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2019-09-25T08:03:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"b326c543a84ecbdefac5d0a3ab67b05a49115512a5d7bc18c2bc72619ea92a56"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1909.11328","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1909.11328","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1909.11328v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1909.11328","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UMXTGRQUYAV5","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UMXTGRQUYAV57SHG","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UMXTGRQU","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b2d4e1604acee374e1ee8c47e921f0911f567f46f637f02fabe51a8f3f756257","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1909.11328/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Optical observations of normal-stars in binary systems with massive unseen objects have been proposed to search for candidate black holes (BHs) and provide a direct measurement of their dynamical masses. In this paper, we have performed binary population synthesis calculations to simulate the potential population of detached binaries containing BHs and normal-star companions in the Galaxy. We focus on the influence of the BH progenitors. In the traditional model, BHs in binaries evolve from stars more massive than $ \\sim25M_{\\odot} $. However, it is difficult for this model to produce BH low-m","authors_text":"Xiang-Dong Li, Yong Shao","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2019-09-25T08:03:30Z","title":"Population Synthesis of Black Hole Binaries with Normal-Star Companions: I. Detached Systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1909.11328","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:26d88d39d484038aae08c56ab60daf41b69144a7486678e78a0b2209731588a6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6b6bae641a1a165ac1c3919b900628f12c9222f31edb6a45d2029050516c9c7b","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2019-09-25T08:03:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"b326c543a84ecbdefac5d0a3ab67b05a49115512a5d7bc18c2bc72619ea92a56"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1909.11328","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a32f334614c02bdfc8e60cf13b3a1b3c72ec9bf0e4e243d94ec0b1f65e2bbf3d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a32f334614c02bdfc8e60cf13b3a1b3c72ec9bf0e4e243d94ec0b1f65e2bbf3d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24.480309Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24.480309Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Q8gjI1ZJyz0EBO7sCF+ik6sLPA1VicX3DK+M0cr2szX974fr5pURk5LeYpH2Elf6bYEbRXPjKE4uSO1TkGImDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:23:24.480793Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1909.11328","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:26d88d39d484038aae08c56ab60daf41b69144a7486678e78a0b2209731588a6","sha256:b2d4e1604acee374e1ee8c47e921f0911f567f46f637f02fabe51a8f3f756257"],"state_sha256":"af49a0fa0a6b0d12e212f8ec79bfa6469a50f1c58c360e65547791cf296060fe"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dZfk6mtgwFlbUSs4IsM8Q9GuNwdmIN+B2hm8M/yX8G9NkeVGIqZNuFCO1LKsADOvlm1KTon9ezomO2NIGhriAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T02:17:32.222967Z","bundle_sha256":"dd5545d03fa4e46a3f1d79293cbce5a7a2d23d37be6c894f43f2be019c5f0072"}}