{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:UMYPTLXJH3HPNWFRAO26IPJB7R","short_pith_number":"pith:UMYPTLXJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2305.14332","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T17:57:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a4048336f1ef3360ad0ba072dce0a69590a27c8b14ca8a081f218f5805d96531","abstract_canon_sha256":"7eca649aadd36e57ac4faf511a9e47b026dc75057f9d929e3a07b505ecb9b646"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a330f9aee93ecef6d8b103b5e43d21fc59a35138f7409eb659678afdf0c739eb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2305.14332","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2305.14332","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2305.14332v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2305.14332","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UMYPTLXJH3HP","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UMYPTLXJH3HPNWFR","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UMYPTLXJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:UMYPTLXJH3HPNWFRAO26IPJB7R","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2305.14332","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T17:57:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a4048336f1ef3360ad0ba072dce0a69590a27c8b14ca8a081f218f5805d96531","abstract_canon_sha256":"7eca649aadd36e57ac4faf511a9e47b026dc75057f9d929e3a07b505ecb9b646"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a330f9aee93ecef6d8b103b5e43d21fc59a35138f7409eb659678afdf0c739eb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50.179212Z","signature_b64":"KqET+Gi5cDFuxkP2Dc1r4178JmEeY1tgQ79F9mdy1nklmtA6eY1gx1Lpw8N7qqleTuEfVVYOJ+qWfVYH33/3Bw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a330f9aee93ecef6d8b103b5e43d21fc59a35138f7409eb659678afdf0c739eb","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50.178709Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50.178709Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2305.14332","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"s0WUr+4qb00KRPWCXG2KfFzNcdve5XMfVvf4wmZxSOo9P+l8Ci1xh10vX9L/8R/vQH/IhusYgWrDlJ/LUzZ2Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T09:15:23.858742Z"},"content_sha256":"6423bf164bc5cd926f656477488bf6ee01f12338eb510ca0d504ffe93e25c607","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6423bf164bc5cd926f656477488bf6ee01f12338eb510ca0d504ffe93e25c607"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:UMYPTLXJH3HPNWFRAO26IPJB7R","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Evaluating and Modeling Attribution for Cross-Lingual Question Answering","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Benjamin Muller, John Wieting, Jonathan H. Clark, Jonathan Herzig, Livio Baldini Soares, Roee Aharoni, Sebastian Ruder, Tom Kwiatkowski, Xinyi Wang","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T17:57:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Trustworthy answer content is abundant in many high-resource languages and is instantly accessible through question answering systems, yet this content can be hard to access for those that do not speak these languages. The leap forward in cross-lingual modeling quality offered by generative language models offers much promise, yet their raw generations often fall short in factuality. To improve trustworthiness in these systems, a promising direction is to attribute the answer to a retrieved source, possibly in a content-rich language different from the query. Our work is the first to study att"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2305.14332","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2305.14332/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wKiP1gg3wwQMJoI85fKUyYWQAIa+e83uDHiDKLNE6Pbop+xuki7PGKBdStRqpg9uGuuJBRTUP4pw9/nwDq+kAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T09:15:23.859236Z"},"content_sha256":"09eaf6803d691f9e0f24ef9a012b888341215a3e0859dd015e89d01bf8e44ae6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:09eaf6803d691f9e0f24ef9a012b888341215a3e0859dd015e89d01bf8e44ae6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UMYPTLXJH3HPNWFRAO26IPJB7R/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UMYPTLXJH3HPNWFRAO26IPJB7R/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UMYPTLXJH3HPNWFRAO26IPJB7R/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T09:15:23Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UMYPTLXJH3HPNWFRAO26IPJB7R","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UMYPTLXJH3HPNWFRAO26IPJB7R/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UMYPTLXJH3HPNWFRAO26IPJB7R/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UMYPTLXJH3HPNWFRAO26IPJB7R/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:UMYPTLXJH3HPNWFRAO26IPJB7R","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7eca649aadd36e57ac4faf511a9e47b026dc75057f9d929e3a07b505ecb9b646","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T17:57:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"a4048336f1ef3360ad0ba072dce0a69590a27c8b14ca8a081f218f5805d96531"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2305.14332","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2305.14332","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2305.14332v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2305.14332","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UMYPTLXJH3HP","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UMYPTLXJH3HPNWFR","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UMYPTLXJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:09eaf6803d691f9e0f24ef9a012b888341215a3e0859dd015e89d01bf8e44ae6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2305.14332/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Trustworthy answer content is abundant in many high-resource languages and is instantly accessible through question answering systems, yet this content can be hard to access for those that do not speak these languages. The leap forward in cross-lingual modeling quality offered by generative language models offers much promise, yet their raw generations often fall short in factuality. To improve trustworthiness in these systems, a promising direction is to attribute the answer to a retrieved source, possibly in a content-rich language different from the query. Our work is the first to study att","authors_text":"Benjamin Muller, John Wieting, Jonathan H. Clark, Jonathan Herzig, Livio Baldini Soares, Roee Aharoni, Sebastian Ruder, Tom Kwiatkowski, Xinyi Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T17:57:46Z","title":"Evaluating and Modeling Attribution for Cross-Lingual Question Answering"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2305.14332","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6423bf164bc5cd926f656477488bf6ee01f12338eb510ca0d504ffe93e25c607","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7eca649aadd36e57ac4faf511a9e47b026dc75057f9d929e3a07b505ecb9b646","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T17:57:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"a4048336f1ef3360ad0ba072dce0a69590a27c8b14ca8a081f218f5805d96531"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2305.14332","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"a330f9aee93ecef6d8b103b5e43d21fc59a35138f7409eb659678afdf0c739eb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a330f9aee93ecef6d8b103b5e43d21fc59a35138f7409eb659678afdf0c739eb","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50.178709Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50.178709Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"KqET+Gi5cDFuxkP2Dc1r4178JmEeY1tgQ79F9mdy1nklmtA6eY1gx1Lpw8N7qqleTuEfVVYOJ+qWfVYH33/3Bw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:12:50.179212Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2305.14332","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6423bf164bc5cd926f656477488bf6ee01f12338eb510ca0d504ffe93e25c607","sha256:09eaf6803d691f9e0f24ef9a012b888341215a3e0859dd015e89d01bf8e44ae6"],"state_sha256":"0cf4b2400506e6e17abf8f29b4e83615beef5257bc4dfb12cf62fce2c187bbf3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2lYal+ZmleiLmpRZbA96MOSyMA4jJgGvcZXJNxIEV+irvgLG2DshKZIafzm5WinbyZLt2iPaBsYgbdQIGVfsBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T09:15:23.863555Z","bundle_sha256":"1587c14e66a187a89ba04f49032217e26fb99772875909b0be129a598cd3102f"}}