{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:UNEX4OC6APQFK2NA652DAN2O6T","short_pith_number":"pith:UNEX4OC6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.12282","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-03-28T21:40:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ecfc22924df7bae417e6a48e1c7ff1e9ba77663ecae7f314918c0cecff0b3caa","abstract_canon_sha256":"80e469ad5e124e202714266d4aa1c6b47afec59959a91711ee3c62035600a175"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a3497e385e03e05569a0f77430374ef4cff55d8e230524587e68d38cd1818822","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1903.12282","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.12282","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.12282v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.12282","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UNEX4OC6APQF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UNEX4OC6APQFK2NA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UNEX4OC6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:UNEX4OC6APQFK2NA652DAN2O6T","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.12282","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-03-28T21:40:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ecfc22924df7bae417e6a48e1c7ff1e9ba77663ecae7f314918c0cecff0b3caa","abstract_canon_sha256":"80e469ad5e124e202714266d4aa1c6b47afec59959a91711ee3c62035600a175"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a3497e385e03e05569a0f77430374ef4cff55d8e230524587e68d38cd1818822","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:54.418696Z","signature_b64":"3hS9P/xwQe8PBpZVq9v/yIvHsiIbo5HGLoe80vfeFTedI2oVcdrac8R+QFvtJ14E8lGQxPVNcJ5vS+IGTLmtCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a3497e385e03e05569a0f77430374ef4cff55d8e230524587e68d38cd1818822","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:54.418281Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:54.418281Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1903.12282","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8MJPwxuym7oep5Fcgc/9MSlvgNqbngFN7Wxg4NLShQ2mrwY2syHO7EjgctCF3iPgolkDTr/QP39Dqj1TtHDCBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T22:09:35.403759Z"},"content_sha256":"ddec0d29633005d72efda4a6b2fd9f0ac4078c778adc3b9ba353aff7d105d469","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ddec0d29633005d72efda4a6b2fd9f0ac4078c778adc3b9ba353aff7d105d469"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:UNEX4OC6APQFK2NA652DAN2O6T","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An Empirical Study of Obsolete Answers on Stack Overflow","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Ahmed E. Hassan, Haoxiang Zhang, Shaowei Wang, Tse-Hsun (Peter) Chen, Ying Zou","submitted_at":"2019-03-28T21:40:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"Stack Overflow accumulates an enormous amount of software engineering knowledge. However, as time passes, certain knowledge in answers may become obsolete. Such obsolete answers, if not identified or documented clearly, may mislead answer seekers and cause unexpected problems (e.g., using an out-dated security protocol). In this paper, we investigate how the knowledge in answers becomes obsolete and identify the characteristics of such obsolete answers. We find that: 1) More than half of the obsolete answers (58.4%) were probably already obsolete when they were first posted. 2) When an obsolet"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.12282","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cGghh4QVjwxwLryNaCMyByVcgV9mdbo6XxmxvC+CIqsyaJ7cxeC2j5o77odtrz4+4pqKxoBVu5/aZIqRAWhoCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T22:09:35.404412Z"},"content_sha256":"67463767d1f381c81ee0272f3b284f047a44b9319efa26e87ca145707ad540ad","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:67463767d1f381c81ee0272f3b284f047a44b9319efa26e87ca145707ad540ad"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UNEX4OC6APQFK2NA652DAN2O6T/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UNEX4OC6APQFK2NA652DAN2O6T/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UNEX4OC6APQFK2NA652DAN2O6T/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T22:09:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UNEX4OC6APQFK2NA652DAN2O6T","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UNEX4OC6APQFK2NA652DAN2O6T/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UNEX4OC6APQFK2NA652DAN2O6T/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UNEX4OC6APQFK2NA652DAN2O6T/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:UNEX4OC6APQFK2NA652DAN2O6T","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"80e469ad5e124e202714266d4aa1c6b47afec59959a91711ee3c62035600a175","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-03-28T21:40:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"ecfc22924df7bae417e6a48e1c7ff1e9ba77663ecae7f314918c0cecff0b3caa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.12282","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.12282","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.12282v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.12282","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UNEX4OC6APQF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UNEX4OC6APQFK2NA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UNEX4OC6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:67463767d1f381c81ee0272f3b284f047a44b9319efa26e87ca145707ad540ad","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Stack Overflow accumulates an enormous amount of software engineering knowledge. However, as time passes, certain knowledge in answers may become obsolete. Such obsolete answers, if not identified or documented clearly, may mislead answer seekers and cause unexpected problems (e.g., using an out-dated security protocol). In this paper, we investigate how the knowledge in answers becomes obsolete and identify the characteristics of such obsolete answers. We find that: 1) More than half of the obsolete answers (58.4%) were probably already obsolete when they were first posted. 2) When an obsolet","authors_text":"Ahmed E. Hassan, Haoxiang Zhang, Shaowei Wang, Tse-Hsun (Peter) Chen, Ying Zou","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-03-28T21:40:11Z","title":"An Empirical Study of Obsolete Answers on Stack Overflow"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.12282","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ddec0d29633005d72efda4a6b2fd9f0ac4078c778adc3b9ba353aff7d105d469","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"80e469ad5e124e202714266d4aa1c6b47afec59959a91711ee3c62035600a175","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-03-28T21:40:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"ecfc22924df7bae417e6a48e1c7ff1e9ba77663ecae7f314918c0cecff0b3caa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.12282","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a3497e385e03e05569a0f77430374ef4cff55d8e230524587e68d38cd1818822","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a3497e385e03e05569a0f77430374ef4cff55d8e230524587e68d38cd1818822","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:54.418281Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:54.418281Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"3hS9P/xwQe8PBpZVq9v/yIvHsiIbo5HGLoe80vfeFTedI2oVcdrac8R+QFvtJ14E8lGQxPVNcJ5vS+IGTLmtCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:54.418696Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1903.12282","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ddec0d29633005d72efda4a6b2fd9f0ac4078c778adc3b9ba353aff7d105d469","sha256:67463767d1f381c81ee0272f3b284f047a44b9319efa26e87ca145707ad540ad"],"state_sha256":"7e33b5a2839176d95be8e412ca0b13c39e0268585bacf5646a41c11808cd2e17"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"c/CsE9g83WjZRLoEEsJA7pRVYYZC9q2x5ckwuoO1JsGwbJPQ3e+x9QWvNwaDXMlZp8B+paBxgM0G65TNoBvJAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T22:09:35.407090Z","bundle_sha256":"9f42b1fcc820efd7761540738dd65e0b12c9e68c217ca0d42f4b0f69d0e6cb39"}}