{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2003:UNU3YZ2RRV5U7GCXRETBAUH4TF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"78659f162e66a16f9472e92813f6c6916591531d382903bd0d6e50ed58a8b231","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-02-17T06:47:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"961e0445060512afa4faa11723e3209ae1d95d33d4d6ab339bab8ca8bf1bc67b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0302297","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0302297","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0302297v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0302297","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UNU3YZ2RRV5U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UNU3YZ2RRV5U7GCX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UNU3YZ2R","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c8035f45287082d9a09705a2d6d770bd8f5670a6ff6454962d62f42a6e034894","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The WMAP satellite has measured a large optical depth to electron scattering after cosmological recombination of 0.17+-0.04, implying significant reionization of the primordial gas only ~200 million years after the big bang. However, the most recent overlap of intergalactic HII regions must have occured at z<9 based on the Lyman-alpha forest constraint on the thermal history of the intergalactic medium. Here we argue that a first generation of metal-free stars with a heavy (rather than Salpeter) mass function is therefore required to account for much of the inferred optical depth. This conclus","authors_text":"Abraham Loeb, Stuart Wyithe","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-02-17T06:47:54Z","title":"Was the Universe Reionized by Massive Population-III Stars?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0302297","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:08bf1abb8b02c7d2e84662ff110ab2d33147b39b9954b05e46a71cd6e6125053","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"78659f162e66a16f9472e92813f6c6916591531d382903bd0d6e50ed58a8b231","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-02-17T06:47:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"961e0445060512afa4faa11723e3209ae1d95d33d4d6ab339bab8ca8bf1bc67b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0302297","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"a369bc67518d7b4f985789261050fc997d572e0b55ecbfd181d7afa334890e68","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a369bc67518d7b4f985789261050fc997d572e0b55ecbfd181d7afa334890e68","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:39.369342Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:39.369342Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ZlU7k3EXOvHcAONOYkAgIXXV4nz9hOpJeaZrOwQ56sHN9AKhofDaBd4UVqQW3QpP3a81shkbLlpG+Gwi5gJTDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:39.369956Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/0302297","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:08bf1abb8b02c7d2e84662ff110ab2d33147b39b9954b05e46a71cd6e6125053","sha256:c8035f45287082d9a09705a2d6d770bd8f5670a6ff6454962d62f42a6e034894"],"state_sha256":"0bac1b5eb00327835e257ae6415f6da14b222a4ba3a114c9cca5c82eb37387ab"}