{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1995:UNWDD66BOEUJKMKUYS5UWHGPTF","short_pith_number":"pith:UNWDD66B","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9501030","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1995-01-10T11:40:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d470233e4d9aae0f24decf05abc075dccce9f4e84fdcf19687668cd14686d4c4","abstract_canon_sha256":"6d52aee19d6e9e6ceee27de88b35530fe3f6e213802b369cb517ca96ed515155"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a36c31fbc17128953154c4bb4b1ccf99533cf7a6119daf48d05512a7335c66f9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/9501030","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9501030","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9501030v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9501030","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UNWDD66BOEUJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UNWDD66BOEUJKMKU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UNWDD66B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1995:UNWDD66BOEUJKMKUYS5UWHGPTF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9501030","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1995-01-10T11:40:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d470233e4d9aae0f24decf05abc075dccce9f4e84fdcf19687668cd14686d4c4","abstract_canon_sha256":"6d52aee19d6e9e6ceee27de88b35530fe3f6e213802b369cb517ca96ed515155"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a36c31fbc17128953154c4bb4b1ccf99533cf7a6119daf48d05512a7335c66f9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42.773138Z","signature_b64":"h135gMq1Yi9NutxGRyo1m+FYZi2S0fWWAZio2PHJRb0AWs/cFcVXoOTOJXo0ZmgXK7e+Yfxun8X5ZB9KtrpkDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a36c31fbc17128953154c4bb4b1ccf99533cf7a6119daf48d05512a7335c66f9","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42.772694Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42.772694Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/9501030","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BZWSybYxRgEhF+mHgNPDvRqUHnw28WPR8WjRyZA4fj6gYc4g+k0wnb03jVZ4Wlr15rXvfbd+oLoK06feCrdVBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T23:30:50.512843Z"},"content_sha256":"d9d2540cfa37d53654eabd7f7541ec35d74d5c274dd3fb6def5c83ef7c56722b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d9d2540cfa37d53654eabd7f7541ec35d74d5c274dd3fb6def5c83ef7c56722b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1995:UNWDD66BOEUJKMKUYS5UWHGPTF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"SUPERNOVA BLASTWAVES AND PRE-SUPERNOVA WINDS: THEIR COSMIC RAY CONTRIBUTION","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Peter L. Biermann","submitted_at":"1995-01-10T11:40:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"Supernova explosions into predecessor stellar winds can lead to particle acceleration, which we suggest can explain most of the observed cosmic rays of the nuclei of Helium and heavier elements, from GeV in particle energies up to near $3 \\, 10^9$ GeV, as well as electrons above about 30 GeV. We go through the following steps:\n 1) Using a postulated underlying principle that leads to transport coefficients in a turbulent plasma, we derive the properties of energetic particles accelerated in spherical shocks.\n 2) We suggest that a dynamo working in the inner convection zone of an upper main seq"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9501030","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VtoByi/eZxO1QfvQj/UK/3mlgFSVUGhSwRfjbEdOQnfL9xmYFschC51u01hYLuAZXPolybacbgZmWSvpFU+4Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T23:30:50.513301Z"},"content_sha256":"28b1eb4ed04fe0f5b773744eda73553018271eeec7dc177a6b3f1131666ac0f9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:28b1eb4ed04fe0f5b773744eda73553018271eeec7dc177a6b3f1131666ac0f9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UNWDD66BOEUJKMKUYS5UWHGPTF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UNWDD66BOEUJKMKUYS5UWHGPTF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UNWDD66BOEUJKMKUYS5UWHGPTF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T23:30:50Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UNWDD66BOEUJKMKUYS5UWHGPTF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UNWDD66BOEUJKMKUYS5UWHGPTF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UNWDD66BOEUJKMKUYS5UWHGPTF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UNWDD66BOEUJKMKUYS5UWHGPTF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1995:UNWDD66BOEUJKMKUYS5UWHGPTF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6d52aee19d6e9e6ceee27de88b35530fe3f6e213802b369cb517ca96ed515155","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1995-01-10T11:40:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"d470233e4d9aae0f24decf05abc075dccce9f4e84fdcf19687668cd14686d4c4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9501030","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9501030","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9501030v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9501030","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UNWDD66BOEUJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UNWDD66BOEUJKMKU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UNWDD66B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:28b1eb4ed04fe0f5b773744eda73553018271eeec7dc177a6b3f1131666ac0f9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Supernova explosions into predecessor stellar winds can lead to particle acceleration, which we suggest can explain most of the observed cosmic rays of the nuclei of Helium and heavier elements, from GeV in particle energies up to near $3 \\, 10^9$ GeV, as well as electrons above about 30 GeV. We go through the following steps:\n 1) Using a postulated underlying principle that leads to transport coefficients in a turbulent plasma, we derive the properties of energetic particles accelerated in spherical shocks.\n 2) We suggest that a dynamo working in the inner convection zone of an upper main seq","authors_text":"Peter L. Biermann","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1995-01-10T11:40:38Z","title":"SUPERNOVA BLASTWAVES AND PRE-SUPERNOVA WINDS: THEIR COSMIC RAY CONTRIBUTION"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9501030","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d9d2540cfa37d53654eabd7f7541ec35d74d5c274dd3fb6def5c83ef7c56722b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6d52aee19d6e9e6ceee27de88b35530fe3f6e213802b369cb517ca96ed515155","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1995-01-10T11:40:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"d470233e4d9aae0f24decf05abc075dccce9f4e84fdcf19687668cd14686d4c4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9501030","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a36c31fbc17128953154c4bb4b1ccf99533cf7a6119daf48d05512a7335c66f9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a36c31fbc17128953154c4bb4b1ccf99533cf7a6119daf48d05512a7335c66f9","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42.772694Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42.772694Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"h135gMq1Yi9NutxGRyo1m+FYZi2S0fWWAZio2PHJRb0AWs/cFcVXoOTOJXo0ZmgXK7e+Yfxun8X5ZB9KtrpkDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42.773138Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/9501030","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d9d2540cfa37d53654eabd7f7541ec35d74d5c274dd3fb6def5c83ef7c56722b","sha256:28b1eb4ed04fe0f5b773744eda73553018271eeec7dc177a6b3f1131666ac0f9"],"state_sha256":"082fc24ee5c96ddaab4ebed6a435c405fd9c4211330db0874f89aac0989303a7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2FUF+EkbHWjelX2HC2R/SVX8lf48rlXRtVmM6UHdfQgELnoXm4lUoUYeXQIYvMeVCfo26kdlxyA7YPi/iajABw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T23:30:50.516436Z","bundle_sha256":"7c0141e0f88692ca92bccbd70a20faac934e7dbb3a2c39c19cdd1fbe02dacf2c"}}