{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:UOKYAHFUJY7KSNX4D767LTOJTT","short_pith_number":"pith:UOKYAHFU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2208.06102","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-08-12T03:50:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"52d242fae9410bb435aa915535ca73965a7bfad234f4eb310ac77376cb131063","abstract_canon_sha256":"44a5a5d13b232a72469500373f106e3f5059e8882e89157e3ae4a9342642ee10"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a395801cb44e3ea936fc1ffdf5cdc99ce4266ba8f60a1f5a45fa3e51d42b3b7d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2208.06102","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2208.06102","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2208.06102v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2208.06102","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UOKYAHFUJY7K","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UOKYAHFUJY7KSNX4","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UOKYAHFU","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:UOKYAHFUJY7KSNX4D767LTOJTT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2208.06102","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-08-12T03:50:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"52d242fae9410bb435aa915535ca73965a7bfad234f4eb310ac77376cb131063","abstract_canon_sha256":"44a5a5d13b232a72469500373f106e3f5059e8882e89157e3ae4a9342642ee10"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a395801cb44e3ea936fc1ffdf5cdc99ce4266ba8f60a1f5a45fa3e51d42b3b7d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13.046693Z","signature_b64":"vBC4E2PMiDO5AXCuajsCOfTi85YjFS2x+sUGkabllApxSTWhQU5LAe4XAIwO7gm1umz3bK20+Y4oNgGyF3LMCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a395801cb44e3ea936fc1ffdf5cdc99ce4266ba8f60a1f5a45fa3e51d42b3b7d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13.046282Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13.046282Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2208.06102","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IunVS0WomNBa6OjaZhxCrBt/ijrN9D/8kt1aqCJQ5ieoJ0i4A25AhP0I976dbxDibUCkqJgXupJt+JI0ej79Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T06:32:10.076044Z"},"content_sha256":"3db6ef0ed16d1553cd4e1eedfe6d0874903380fd1c9df713f90e3f347c3047e9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3db6ef0ed16d1553cd4e1eedfe6d0874903380fd1c9df713f90e3f347c3047e9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:UOKYAHFUJY7KSNX4D767LTOJTT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Zeus: Understanding and Optimizing GPU Energy Consumption of DNN Training","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.DC"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Jae-Won Chung, Jie You, Mosharaf Chowdhury","submitted_at":"2022-08-12T03:50:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"Training deep neural networks (DNNs) is becoming increasingly more resource- and energy-intensive every year. Unfortunately, existing works primarily focus on optimizing DNN training for faster completion, often without considering the impact on energy efficiency.\n  In this paper, we observe that common practices to improve training performance can often lead to inefficient energy usage. More importantly, we demonstrate that there is a tradeoff between energy consumption and performance optimization. To this end, we propose Zeus, an optimization framework to navigate this tradeoff by automatic"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2208.06102","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2208.06102/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/gxsI6R07bF2Ne0WBDRA+afsjVP7HtpndIy+j8d2gv2pchClR1vKMVVG7SNA483iAhek7EYXPCiF6vmFDpD1BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T06:32:10.077662Z"},"content_sha256":"ef901746ceefc43974b27d1d45a27f7fdb60046f45bb220a4ba0eee6c4bb44f7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ef901746ceefc43974b27d1d45a27f7fdb60046f45bb220a4ba0eee6c4bb44f7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UOKYAHFUJY7KSNX4D767LTOJTT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UOKYAHFUJY7KSNX4D767LTOJTT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UOKYAHFUJY7KSNX4D767LTOJTT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T06:32:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UOKYAHFUJY7KSNX4D767LTOJTT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UOKYAHFUJY7KSNX4D767LTOJTT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UOKYAHFUJY7KSNX4D767LTOJTT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UOKYAHFUJY7KSNX4D767LTOJTT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:UOKYAHFUJY7KSNX4D767LTOJTT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"44a5a5d13b232a72469500373f106e3f5059e8882e89157e3ae4a9342642ee10","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.DC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-08-12T03:50:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"52d242fae9410bb435aa915535ca73965a7bfad234f4eb310ac77376cb131063"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2208.06102","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2208.06102","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2208.06102v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2208.06102","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UOKYAHFUJY7K","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UOKYAHFUJY7KSNX4","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UOKYAHFU","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ef901746ceefc43974b27d1d45a27f7fdb60046f45bb220a4ba0eee6c4bb44f7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2208.06102/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Training deep neural networks (DNNs) is becoming increasingly more resource- and energy-intensive every year. Unfortunately, existing works primarily focus on optimizing DNN training for faster completion, often without considering the impact on energy efficiency.\n  In this paper, we observe that common practices to improve training performance can often lead to inefficient energy usage. More importantly, we demonstrate that there is a tradeoff between energy consumption and performance optimization. To this end, we propose Zeus, an optimization framework to navigate this tradeoff by automatic","authors_text":"Jae-Won Chung, Jie You, Mosharaf Chowdhury","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.DC"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-08-12T03:50:53Z","title":"Zeus: Understanding and Optimizing GPU Energy Consumption of DNN Training"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2208.06102","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3db6ef0ed16d1553cd4e1eedfe6d0874903380fd1c9df713f90e3f347c3047e9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"44a5a5d13b232a72469500373f106e3f5059e8882e89157e3ae4a9342642ee10","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.DC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-08-12T03:50:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"52d242fae9410bb435aa915535ca73965a7bfad234f4eb310ac77376cb131063"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2208.06102","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"a395801cb44e3ea936fc1ffdf5cdc99ce4266ba8f60a1f5a45fa3e51d42b3b7d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a395801cb44e3ea936fc1ffdf5cdc99ce4266ba8f60a1f5a45fa3e51d42b3b7d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13.046282Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13.046282Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"vBC4E2PMiDO5AXCuajsCOfTi85YjFS2x+sUGkabllApxSTWhQU5LAe4XAIwO7gm1umz3bK20+Y4oNgGyF3LMCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:02:13.046693Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2208.06102","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3db6ef0ed16d1553cd4e1eedfe6d0874903380fd1c9df713f90e3f347c3047e9","sha256:ef901746ceefc43974b27d1d45a27f7fdb60046f45bb220a4ba0eee6c4bb44f7"],"state_sha256":"d1fd89d3b63495ddb4edf74ee5cd5baa99d90d7cc25239e8f88cd3ec83016bd8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y/JNFyLmVvkKlybODoyIPPakR+6n8l9N18JNzkptVCA54HC6QiHhJ8ZTRw0QoQ77PqEnfLIyIN6hU0ApObOxBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T06:32:10.086588Z","bundle_sha256":"c07e93e9990ceaae8400b6940cd6aeb7af88e24baec10cf720343f1717f3a5bd"}}