{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:UONR4L2ERPP74VJRBM7E7G6ADH","short_pith_number":"pith:UONR4L2E","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.14504","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-09-25T20:07:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6fb70a73b04fd567a4ee99555d43b3993967f595f742b04f2e69843283e05271","abstract_canon_sha256":"8501b8936175ff9943e8a6d85d6766d471f7c68bbb14557b4d97d5a4a52b8720"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a39b1e2f448bdffe55310b3e4f9bc019f830f74824eb993f9365a39c288e89d5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2309.14504","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.14504","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.14504v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.14504","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UONR4L2ERPP7","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UONR4L2ERPP74VJR","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UONR4L2E","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:UONR4L2ERPP74VJRBM7E7G6ADH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.14504","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-09-25T20:07:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6fb70a73b04fd567a4ee99555d43b3993967f595f742b04f2e69843283e05271","abstract_canon_sha256":"8501b8936175ff9943e8a6d85d6766d471f7c68bbb14557b4d97d5a4a52b8720"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a39b1e2f448bdffe55310b3e4f9bc019f830f74824eb993f9365a39c288e89d5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32.692430Z","signature_b64":"QLuQmm+XUIOEXaqauOU5aeftyTZk+xOH3RmB5BYBLYUn9ypTY5SuG4PDpZS385DGxQS9Kp8tsOtV2ZuYX9G4CQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a39b1e2f448bdffe55310b3e4f9bc019f830f74824eb993f9365a39c288e89d5","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32.691952Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32.691952Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2309.14504","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jFGsqGP5aykg7NTrxYfboELxnxZxPXWvuGOy6TGGCQbAMjQD5bNaw6eXaaXqtHfT6tq4qE38hNxj60YN2QuGDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T11:17:35.112512Z"},"content_sha256":"c822e4f7bd062b95a4f885c1291ff1016747dbe5ae867a8c7062579dfdba808c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c822e4f7bd062b95a4f885c1291ff1016747dbe5ae867a8c7062579dfdba808c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:UONR4L2ERPP74VJRBM7E7G6ADH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"People's Perceptions Toward Bias and Related Concepts in Large Language Models: A Systematic Review","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"Bum Chul Kwon, Jina Huh-Yoo, Lu Wang, Max Song, Rezvaneh Rezapour","submitted_at":"2023-09-25T20:07:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) have brought breakthroughs in tasks including translation, summarization, information retrieval, and language generation, gaining growing interest in the CHI community. Meanwhile, the literature shows researchers' controversial perceptions about the efficacy, ethics, and intellectual abilities of LLMs. However, we do not know how people perceive LLMs that are pervasive in everyday tools, specifically regarding their experience with LLMs around bias, stereotypes, social norms, or safety. In this study, we conducted a systematic review to understand what empirical in"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.14504","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2309.14504/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZONYkRgxR21fh4/A83n3SdCjkO1y78t0my34561bORSG8IIdtd73SEl1rYls1Ye9Ek2lnReqPPjVAxrPRVSRDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T11:17:35.113354Z"},"content_sha256":"d6f54904b0642f6afbedb0a2c210c27b130f9a1894f45fe247e2ff810cf88c2d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d6f54904b0642f6afbedb0a2c210c27b130f9a1894f45fe247e2ff810cf88c2d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UONR4L2ERPP74VJRBM7E7G6ADH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UONR4L2ERPP74VJRBM7E7G6ADH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UONR4L2ERPP74VJRBM7E7G6ADH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T11:17:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UONR4L2ERPP74VJRBM7E7G6ADH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UONR4L2ERPP74VJRBM7E7G6ADH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UONR4L2ERPP74VJRBM7E7G6ADH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UONR4L2ERPP74VJRBM7E7G6ADH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:UONR4L2ERPP74VJRBM7E7G6ADH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8501b8936175ff9943e8a6d85d6766d471f7c68bbb14557b4d97d5a4a52b8720","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-09-25T20:07:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"6fb70a73b04fd567a4ee99555d43b3993967f595f742b04f2e69843283e05271"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.14504","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.14504","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.14504v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.14504","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UONR4L2ERPP7","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UONR4L2ERPP74VJR","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UONR4L2E","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d6f54904b0642f6afbedb0a2c210c27b130f9a1894f45fe247e2ff810cf88c2d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2309.14504/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) have brought breakthroughs in tasks including translation, summarization, information retrieval, and language generation, gaining growing interest in the CHI community. Meanwhile, the literature shows researchers' controversial perceptions about the efficacy, ethics, and intellectual abilities of LLMs. However, we do not know how people perceive LLMs that are pervasive in everyday tools, specifically regarding their experience with LLMs around bias, stereotypes, social norms, or safety. In this study, we conducted a systematic review to understand what empirical in","authors_text":"Bum Chul Kwon, Jina Huh-Yoo, Lu Wang, Max Song, Rezvaneh Rezapour","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-09-25T20:07:33Z","title":"People's Perceptions Toward Bias and Related Concepts in Large Language Models: A Systematic Review"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.14504","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c822e4f7bd062b95a4f885c1291ff1016747dbe5ae867a8c7062579dfdba808c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8501b8936175ff9943e8a6d85d6766d471f7c68bbb14557b4d97d5a4a52b8720","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-09-25T20:07:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"6fb70a73b04fd567a4ee99555d43b3993967f595f742b04f2e69843283e05271"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.14504","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"a39b1e2f448bdffe55310b3e4f9bc019f830f74824eb993f9365a39c288e89d5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a39b1e2f448bdffe55310b3e4f9bc019f830f74824eb993f9365a39c288e89d5","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32.691952Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32.691952Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"QLuQmm+XUIOEXaqauOU5aeftyTZk+xOH3RmB5BYBLYUn9ypTY5SuG4PDpZS385DGxQS9Kp8tsOtV2ZuYX9G4CQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:51:32.692430Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2309.14504","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c822e4f7bd062b95a4f885c1291ff1016747dbe5ae867a8c7062579dfdba808c","sha256:d6f54904b0642f6afbedb0a2c210c27b130f9a1894f45fe247e2ff810cf88c2d"],"state_sha256":"9f07a58d634a2ee190b0e29c8e037713c6afe01314c925e247b741819d99e5f3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qoFraR1UFESvJmSd9cTFQk8L/G0A/9Jcz6QNuT0DJMOZwREER5VozVpV78akJsYq8isOYDvY4FlaVmrGoUuRAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T11:17:35.120448Z","bundle_sha256":"11b1764f1f0f6bf557cf93897bebba60a9dfdebdd59384f50817af7fbb05be9a"}}