{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:UOSW2NI7AGEMC365V4VG4SZXRZ","short_pith_number":"pith:UOSW2NI7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.00034","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2023-08-31T17:56:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"beed8dc6df5cc590ed4d2259d3fdfdedc57772a617ddcb7d1804dbcda47a9e1c","abstract_canon_sha256":"b26a18c21bbb0a3853cf5aa02cb51ad23cbb0a972ac0315d38b4fc9137df7f71"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a3a56d351f0188c16fddaf2a6e4b378e4965ea09da8ba0a44a89acb87caf1409","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2309.00034","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.00034","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.00034v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.00034","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UOSW2NI7AGEM","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UOSW2NI7AGEMC365","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UOSW2NI7","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:UOSW2NI7AGEMC365V4VG4SZXRZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.00034","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2023-08-31T17:56:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"beed8dc6df5cc590ed4d2259d3fdfdedc57772a617ddcb7d1804dbcda47a9e1c","abstract_canon_sha256":"b26a18c21bbb0a3853cf5aa02cb51ad23cbb0a972ac0315d38b4fc9137df7f71"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a3a56d351f0188c16fddaf2a6e4b378e4965ea09da8ba0a44a89acb87caf1409","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25.159968Z","signature_b64":"3qbv7nyKI5eKQHnimRj9ev46cRaMSqYEENTuCHpPvmr9kXhVROp0B6z78oS/Xw/2JhIpGVZ/Ju4WivKIb4KXDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a3a56d351f0188c16fddaf2a6e4b378e4965ea09da8ba0a44a89acb87caf1409","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25.159419Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25.159419Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2309.00034","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tFWd8lm9L8K2YgYZlVyrA3C6J0F4zDq6/dHqWTMkBU3IbT06eUKKmFbzgswgEd5gCN14TVSbmobz2VAolxKnAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T20:51:48.076817Z"},"content_sha256":"8ef1c1114ca25d2da1443444d5a7bf4a0798ca7721d89d603ccd2eed61a7ee58","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8ef1c1114ca25d2da1443444d5a7bf4a0798ca7721d89d603ccd2eed61a7ee58"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:UOSW2NI7AGEMC365V4VG4SZXRZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Ultraluminous X-ray sources are beamed","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Andrew King, Jean-Pierre Lasota","submitted_at":"2023-08-31T17:56:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"We show that magnetar models for ULX behaviour have serious internal inconsistencies. The magnetic fields required to increase the limiting luminosity for radiation pressure above the observed (assumed isotropic) luminosities are completely incompatible with the spin-up rates observed for pulsing ULXs. We note that at least one normal Be-star + neutron star system, with a standard (non-magnetar) field, is observed to become a ULX during a large outburst, and return to its previous Be-star binary state afterwards. We note further that recent polarimetric observations of the well-studied binary "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.00034","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2309.00034/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"s2bEyY0t3FaZyv+EWa+zKaaWWMf18B3nPuG7BS74qlv4/AYg0MHdovKtG6XrlmemZFg1W4wGKpMOLC8LsQ49DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T20:51:48.077305Z"},"content_sha256":"9a77996146a84860655e5720e72ac74df96f4b19a5cf3be0e42877369697a5e4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9a77996146a84860655e5720e72ac74df96f4b19a5cf3be0e42877369697a5e4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UOSW2NI7AGEMC365V4VG4SZXRZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UOSW2NI7AGEMC365V4VG4SZXRZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UOSW2NI7AGEMC365V4VG4SZXRZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T20:51:48Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UOSW2NI7AGEMC365V4VG4SZXRZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UOSW2NI7AGEMC365V4VG4SZXRZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UOSW2NI7AGEMC365V4VG4SZXRZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UOSW2NI7AGEMC365V4VG4SZXRZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:UOSW2NI7AGEMC365V4VG4SZXRZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b26a18c21bbb0a3853cf5aa02cb51ad23cbb0a972ac0315d38b4fc9137df7f71","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2023-08-31T17:56:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"beed8dc6df5cc590ed4d2259d3fdfdedc57772a617ddcb7d1804dbcda47a9e1c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.00034","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.00034","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.00034v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.00034","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UOSW2NI7AGEM","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UOSW2NI7AGEMC365","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UOSW2NI7","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9a77996146a84860655e5720e72ac74df96f4b19a5cf3be0e42877369697a5e4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2309.00034/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We show that magnetar models for ULX behaviour have serious internal inconsistencies. The magnetic fields required to increase the limiting luminosity for radiation pressure above the observed (assumed isotropic) luminosities are completely incompatible with the spin-up rates observed for pulsing ULXs. We note that at least one normal Be-star + neutron star system, with a standard (non-magnetar) field, is observed to become a ULX during a large outburst, and return to its previous Be-star binary state afterwards. We note further that recent polarimetric observations of the well-studied binary ","authors_text":"Andrew King, Jean-Pierre Lasota","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2023-08-31T17:56:01Z","title":"Ultraluminous X-ray sources are beamed"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.00034","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8ef1c1114ca25d2da1443444d5a7bf4a0798ca7721d89d603ccd2eed61a7ee58","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b26a18c21bbb0a3853cf5aa02cb51ad23cbb0a972ac0315d38b4fc9137df7f71","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2023-08-31T17:56:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"beed8dc6df5cc590ed4d2259d3fdfdedc57772a617ddcb7d1804dbcda47a9e1c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.00034","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"a3a56d351f0188c16fddaf2a6e4b378e4965ea09da8ba0a44a89acb87caf1409","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a3a56d351f0188c16fddaf2a6e4b378e4965ea09da8ba0a44a89acb87caf1409","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25.159419Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25.159419Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"3qbv7nyKI5eKQHnimRj9ev46cRaMSqYEENTuCHpPvmr9kXhVROp0B6z78oS/Xw/2JhIpGVZ/Ju4WivKIb4KXDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:25.159968Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2309.00034","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8ef1c1114ca25d2da1443444d5a7bf4a0798ca7721d89d603ccd2eed61a7ee58","sha256:9a77996146a84860655e5720e72ac74df96f4b19a5cf3be0e42877369697a5e4"],"state_sha256":"5b7d6951be3d328f687210da9aa9e1baf4f2c25a653afc63239ec9bd457028b0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PNa7XCiL5rF5woxAP4la4PDjN1FgFDdbUh6UWPKXWlbz3JQ86t2qGpHuj/6bhIlCe4kBCpZrajD81m83cljpAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T20:51:48.082126Z","bundle_sha256":"69822ac46fdb6a2fabfcb0902299c0db2d986dad15a60820ed8fd6e24352fde0"}}