{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:UPXLMYSLSRI5CFAPKEQVSQXU5Y","short_pith_number":"pith:UPXLMYSL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1308.5228","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2013-08-23T20:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"dfdac24c85d6dd918907597cdf7895a9fa72b58fe205099931a24bc360a27b2c","abstract_canon_sha256":"fb07dea2b59790f07850591ad866e9f0a6ea9b49499c67f28b9c8339f877525c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a3eeb6624b9451d1140f51215942f4ee0bb217d11c8857140b083900580734ff","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1308.5228","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1308.5228","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1308.5228v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1308.5228","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UPXLMYSLSRI5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UPXLMYSLSRI5CFAP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UPXLMYSL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:UPXLMYSLSRI5CFAPKEQVSQXU5Y","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1308.5228","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2013-08-23T20:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"dfdac24c85d6dd918907597cdf7895a9fa72b58fe205099931a24bc360a27b2c","abstract_canon_sha256":"fb07dea2b59790f07850591ad866e9f0a6ea9b49499c67f28b9c8339f877525c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a3eeb6624b9451d1140f51215942f4ee0bb217d11c8857140b083900580734ff","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59.074311Z","signature_b64":"TD0hwoQnjRPNVh3tLN/TJSwo4mVnfFg/TCHXVjVO22ZcPAtWSc7jZlxE32cM7k17KNQCpLaNUo02YGKDeOW3DQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a3eeb6624b9451d1140f51215942f4ee0bb217d11c8857140b083900580734ff","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59.073695Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59.073695Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1308.5228","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XqTweS+2F+v/r2zvGGq9eh4I9u1slPD4JjJLFczVH5suw2k0DPqYsPR4BPcr0a0W3lJS22fuKwoBYwtL7ftICg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T08:32:30.492838Z"},"content_sha256":"c6c85ae8b022159b3614b16eb4cb2247cc15703c4ce3643235ed7b9975760376","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c6c85ae8b022159b3614b16eb4cb2247cc15703c4ce3643235ed7b9975760376"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:UPXLMYSLSRI5CFAPKEQVSQXU5Y","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Fermi Bubbles as a Scaled-up Version of Supernova Remnants","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Ryo Yamazaki, Yutaka Fujita, Yutaka Ohira","submitted_at":"2013-08-23T20:00:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this study, we treat the Fermi bubbles as a scaled-up version of supernova remnants (SNRs). The bubbles are created through activities of the super-massive black hole (SMBH) or starbursts at the Galactic center (GC). Cosmic-rays (CRs) are accelerated at the forward shocks of the bubbles like SNRs, which means that we cannot decide whether the bubbles were created by the SMBH or starbursts from the radiation from the CRs. We follow the evolution of CR distribution by solving a diffusion-advection equation, considering the reduction of the diffusion coefficient by CR streaming. In this model,"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1308.5228","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"js8oIoH+7Lj1ZrFcuqIbUztq3qJWhHsSv7SdPoKjR1bnHvqybLYNyLWjBJMj8//ekJNe5ds30qkAhnOejAP5AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T08:32:30.493187Z"},"content_sha256":"d3fc584841250114fcff357eaae497c6653227d1453dd1925034b1f0cb0784e7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d3fc584841250114fcff357eaae497c6653227d1453dd1925034b1f0cb0784e7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UPXLMYSLSRI5CFAPKEQVSQXU5Y/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UPXLMYSLSRI5CFAPKEQVSQXU5Y/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UPXLMYSLSRI5CFAPKEQVSQXU5Y/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T08:32:30Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UPXLMYSLSRI5CFAPKEQVSQXU5Y","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UPXLMYSLSRI5CFAPKEQVSQXU5Y/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UPXLMYSLSRI5CFAPKEQVSQXU5Y/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UPXLMYSLSRI5CFAPKEQVSQXU5Y/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:UPXLMYSLSRI5CFAPKEQVSQXU5Y","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fb07dea2b59790f07850591ad866e9f0a6ea9b49499c67f28b9c8339f877525c","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2013-08-23T20:00:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"dfdac24c85d6dd918907597cdf7895a9fa72b58fe205099931a24bc360a27b2c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1308.5228","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1308.5228","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1308.5228v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1308.5228","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UPXLMYSLSRI5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UPXLMYSLSRI5CFAP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UPXLMYSL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d3fc584841250114fcff357eaae497c6653227d1453dd1925034b1f0cb0784e7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this study, we treat the Fermi bubbles as a scaled-up version of supernova remnants (SNRs). The bubbles are created through activities of the super-massive black hole (SMBH) or starbursts at the Galactic center (GC). Cosmic-rays (CRs) are accelerated at the forward shocks of the bubbles like SNRs, which means that we cannot decide whether the bubbles were created by the SMBH or starbursts from the radiation from the CRs. We follow the evolution of CR distribution by solving a diffusion-advection equation, considering the reduction of the diffusion coefficient by CR streaming. In this model,","authors_text":"Ryo Yamazaki, Yutaka Fujita, Yutaka Ohira","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2013-08-23T20:00:02Z","title":"The Fermi Bubbles as a Scaled-up Version of Supernova Remnants"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1308.5228","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c6c85ae8b022159b3614b16eb4cb2247cc15703c4ce3643235ed7b9975760376","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fb07dea2b59790f07850591ad866e9f0a6ea9b49499c67f28b9c8339f877525c","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2013-08-23T20:00:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"dfdac24c85d6dd918907597cdf7895a9fa72b58fe205099931a24bc360a27b2c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1308.5228","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a3eeb6624b9451d1140f51215942f4ee0bb217d11c8857140b083900580734ff","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a3eeb6624b9451d1140f51215942f4ee0bb217d11c8857140b083900580734ff","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59.073695Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59.073695Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"TD0hwoQnjRPNVh3tLN/TJSwo4mVnfFg/TCHXVjVO22ZcPAtWSc7jZlxE32cM7k17KNQCpLaNUo02YGKDeOW3DQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59.074311Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1308.5228","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c6c85ae8b022159b3614b16eb4cb2247cc15703c4ce3643235ed7b9975760376","sha256:d3fc584841250114fcff357eaae497c6653227d1453dd1925034b1f0cb0784e7"],"state_sha256":"b78f280ddc4e25d95ea2ddb31cc424201c1eaf14f73cb895d138b5b644ef2b7c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aoSAOHlFfUZdUxg/fk+y2TtC8xGQrjOcwswQYMvQAnYRYo7iPxZKCXyesymyrxAMNSqm5/2QuKbsv0rx+IzIDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T08:32:30.495185Z","bundle_sha256":"8bd00fb0b03a0f8d68820e4ae3cb548e88b647d8eea695f3d8e0d04b536a6969"}}