{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:URZPDHTAQDXSJ3ZITAY7MOPJ3M","short_pith_number":"pith:URZPDHTA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2608.02612","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T08:11:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","cs.NE"],"title_canon_sha256":"e10ab0d9706b4cbc63ecf6bdb304462862d8e22b2c16959bd3fbd881318eaf56","abstract_canon_sha256":"c391d97d497ded71dcfa6a24ff4cf00bfd0a89d59c48fe36fdffa2c0c3b4c77c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a472f19e6080ef24ef289831f639e9db04e76052847c4c02f2019869441aac63","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2608.02612","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2608.02612","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2608.02612v1","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.02612","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"URZPDHTAQDXS","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"URZPDHTAQDXSJ3ZI","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"URZPDHTA","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:URZPDHTAQDXSJ3ZITAY7MOPJ3M","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2608.02612","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T08:11:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","cs.NE"],"title_canon_sha256":"e10ab0d9706b4cbc63ecf6bdb304462862d8e22b2c16959bd3fbd881318eaf56","abstract_canon_sha256":"c391d97d497ded71dcfa6a24ff4cf00bfd0a89d59c48fe36fdffa2c0c3b4c77c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a472f19e6080ef24ef289831f639e9db04e76052847c4c02f2019869441aac63","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52.719020Z","signature_b64":"zA05XA8wxv2nAiUqJHO22Slb9ouGisJkNwoMfM99KxgcNnx8gKDALfMdstepuzoMPSPDT+qS1aJv3WmzWiV0AA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a472f19e6080ef24ef289831f639e9db04e76052847c4c02f2019869441aac63","last_reissued_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52.716459Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52.716459Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2608.02612","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oEilAp2Kof6SIOH2oGaqYtEhSj6gUx8rxerSmEeskCPhKuFjutGVTN0jlJGhZUcctEWWwhXUxhiyMQQ+K03tAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T22:06:45.462495Z"},"content_sha256":"c3c039cfa9f5b50c9cdbe61d27d73b11a7f9026ab9a21d62b58ded934e88316d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c3c039cfa9f5b50c9cdbe61d27d73b11a7f9026ab9a21d62b58ded934e88316d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:URZPDHTAQDXSJ3ZITAY7MOPJ3M","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"BBOWP-Bench: Evaluating LLMs on Black-Box Optimization Word Problems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","cs.NE"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Kei Hiroshima, Kento Uchida, Nozomu Yoshinari, Shinichi Shirakawa, Yutaro Yamada","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T08:11:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"Formulating an optimization problem strongly affects the quality of the final solution, yet good formulations usually require substantial expertise. Recent studies have therefore examined how to automatically derive optimization problems from natural-language descriptions, but existing benchmarks focus on settings where objectives and constraints can be written explicitly as mathematical expressions. Many practically important problems are naturally treated as black-box optimization (BBO) problems, in which only objective values are observable, and the functional form is unavailable. In BBO, t"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2608.02612","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2608.02612/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ut1NYNVtSgaXYFbCPqKD/LBYZd3f2moBfPyzaz1uSJYd9KEYl/oF0vFC7/QFYiKDMQ9ZeysyasYgHrCHL699AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T22:06:45.462889Z"},"content_sha256":"0d73475b5b24f7d0c18e336de0495d58ccfa5dc5802bd48c4f4678b4c2e4f36b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0d73475b5b24f7d0c18e336de0495d58ccfa5dc5802bd48c4f4678b4c2e4f36b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/URZPDHTAQDXSJ3ZITAY7MOPJ3M/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/URZPDHTAQDXSJ3ZITAY7MOPJ3M/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/URZPDHTAQDXSJ3ZITAY7MOPJ3M/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T22:06:45Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/URZPDHTAQDXSJ3ZITAY7MOPJ3M","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/URZPDHTAQDXSJ3ZITAY7MOPJ3M/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/URZPDHTAQDXSJ3ZITAY7MOPJ3M/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/URZPDHTAQDXSJ3ZITAY7MOPJ3M/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:URZPDHTAQDXSJ3ZITAY7MOPJ3M","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c391d97d497ded71dcfa6a24ff4cf00bfd0a89d59c48fe36fdffa2c0c3b4c77c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","cs.NE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T08:11:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"e10ab0d9706b4cbc63ecf6bdb304462862d8e22b2c16959bd3fbd881318eaf56"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2608.02612","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2608.02612","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2608.02612v1","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.02612","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"URZPDHTAQDXS","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"URZPDHTAQDXSJ3ZI","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"URZPDHTA","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0d73475b5b24f7d0c18e336de0495d58ccfa5dc5802bd48c4f4678b4c2e4f36b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2608.02612/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Formulating an optimization problem strongly affects the quality of the final solution, yet good formulations usually require substantial expertise. Recent studies have therefore examined how to automatically derive optimization problems from natural-language descriptions, but existing benchmarks focus on settings where objectives and constraints can be written explicitly as mathematical expressions. Many practically important problems are naturally treated as black-box optimization (BBO) problems, in which only objective values are observable, and the functional form is unavailable. In BBO, t","authors_text":"Kei Hiroshima, Kento Uchida, Nozomu Yoshinari, Shinichi Shirakawa, Yutaro Yamada","cross_cats":["cs.LG","cs.NE"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T08:11:23Z","title":"BBOWP-Bench: Evaluating LLMs on Black-Box Optimization Word Problems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2608.02612","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c3c039cfa9f5b50c9cdbe61d27d73b11a7f9026ab9a21d62b58ded934e88316d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c391d97d497ded71dcfa6a24ff4cf00bfd0a89d59c48fe36fdffa2c0c3b4c77c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","cs.NE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T08:11:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"e10ab0d9706b4cbc63ecf6bdb304462862d8e22b2c16959bd3fbd881318eaf56"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2608.02612","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a472f19e6080ef24ef289831f639e9db04e76052847c4c02f2019869441aac63","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a472f19e6080ef24ef289831f639e9db04e76052847c4c02f2019869441aac63","first_computed_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52.716459Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52.716459Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"zA05XA8wxv2nAiUqJHO22Slb9ouGisJkNwoMfM99KxgcNnx8gKDALfMdstepuzoMPSPDT+qS1aJv3WmzWiV0AA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-08-05T00:37:52.719020Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2608.02612","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c3c039cfa9f5b50c9cdbe61d27d73b11a7f9026ab9a21d62b58ded934e88316d","sha256:0d73475b5b24f7d0c18e336de0495d58ccfa5dc5802bd48c4f4678b4c2e4f36b"],"state_sha256":"2032f073d3aa5bc512d498eaa2409b0109a82f59c4b583e0282c77fd10a28f6f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JVhGi9R3SxZ8eggE30G7b0+Z0MONgTvCrPHlz5DEREyImKDKrIQ1Hzemxt0vHjz86Mff/uKvzxApjqazrCjsDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T22:06:45.466040Z","bundle_sha256":"e2e60801973c8874a1d1039e270d03069bdfbd072c5b0c2ceb8029bf517fe808"}}