{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:UVB2VKPSNUDBC7BTFCKJPZLL57","short_pith_number":"pith:UVB2VKPS","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1304.2126","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2013-04-08T07:49:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"title_canon_sha256":"54abda2ec8613572d1d726f968621459d78d1710d7199d870da357119e5522de","abstract_canon_sha256":"3835fa8ec77ff63f9eaf22595a86cb071286d3292a833c8952bccc1329228376"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a543aaa9f26d06117c33289497e56befe11c526b6f5b6fabfb82723221c797b2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1304.2126","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1304.2126","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1304.2126v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1304.2126","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UVB2VKPSNUDB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UVB2VKPSNUDBC7BT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UVB2VKPS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:UVB2VKPSNUDBC7BTFCKJPZLL57","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1304.2126","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2013-04-08T07:49:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"title_canon_sha256":"54abda2ec8613572d1d726f968621459d78d1710d7199d870da357119e5522de","abstract_canon_sha256":"3835fa8ec77ff63f9eaf22595a86cb071286d3292a833c8952bccc1329228376"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a543aaa9f26d06117c33289497e56befe11c526b6f5b6fabfb82723221c797b2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:28:43.959178Z","signature_b64":"/nBvVr0PODGbOZrl3Fu+PfZMbVW/gtPVCa5jELG76YNveXPoM0UPk4DvuuLh3C2ZJVJswgHI6BcH967VAMEYBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a543aaa9f26d06117c33289497e56befe11c526b6f5b6fabfb82723221c797b2","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:28:43.958410Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:28:43.958410Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1304.2126","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:28:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gkb61zQKG/xU6ikL5gSfhmurtMmqpd8w87sZmjNUhdLkRHGCIw16xLPLjQyll475gjDlqqL2wypgojyzlOpODw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T17:14:16.271655Z"},"content_sha256":"f28ede64bdd5f8dc6e80aa32ff9b8d5fbbfcca175c8e4cf87bbc981612cd4f0e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f28ede64bdd5f8dc6e80aa32ff9b8d5fbbfcca175c8e4cf87bbc981612cd4f0e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:UVB2VKPSNUDBC7BTFCKJPZLL57","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Braess like Paradox in a Small World Network","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SI"],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Norihito Toyota","submitted_at":"2013-04-08T07:49:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"Braess \\cite{1} has been studied about a traffic flow on a diamond type network and found that introducing new edges to the networks always does not achieve the efficiency. Some researchers studied the Braess' paradox in similar type networks by introducing various types of cost functions. But whether such paradox occurs or not is not scarcely studied in complex networks. In this article, I analytically and numerically study whether Braess like paradox occurs or not on Dorogovtsev-Mendes network\\cite{2}, which is a sort of small world networks. The cost function needed to go along an edge is p"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1304.2126","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:28:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LtEDHNhlliyxdmUOz2GOhh3R0fSnjxq0JavmvH8UVLWRDBXcgnI2uVWhfUdYmZHSFp8eOOt/hgOkjwhl6XhqAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T17:14:16.271997Z"},"content_sha256":"f8b8e6eca517a32b5ac04c1382110d9930f3313a45c91fc38e63a0aee401f088","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f8b8e6eca517a32b5ac04c1382110d9930f3313a45c91fc38e63a0aee401f088"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UVB2VKPSNUDBC7BTFCKJPZLL57/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UVB2VKPSNUDBC7BTFCKJPZLL57/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UVB2VKPSNUDBC7BTFCKJPZLL57/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-27T17:14:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UVB2VKPSNUDBC7BTFCKJPZLL57","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UVB2VKPSNUDBC7BTFCKJPZLL57/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UVB2VKPSNUDBC7BTFCKJPZLL57/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UVB2VKPSNUDBC7BTFCKJPZLL57/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:UVB2VKPSNUDBC7BTFCKJPZLL57","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3835fa8ec77ff63f9eaf22595a86cb071286d3292a833c8952bccc1329228376","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2013-04-08T07:49:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"54abda2ec8613572d1d726f968621459d78d1710d7199d870da357119e5522de"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1304.2126","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1304.2126","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1304.2126v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1304.2126","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UVB2VKPSNUDB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UVB2VKPSNUDBC7BT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UVB2VKPS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f8b8e6eca517a32b5ac04c1382110d9930f3313a45c91fc38e63a0aee401f088","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:28:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Braess \\cite{1} has been studied about a traffic flow on a diamond type network and found that introducing new edges to the networks always does not achieve the efficiency. Some researchers studied the Braess' paradox in similar type networks by introducing various types of cost functions. But whether such paradox occurs or not is not scarcely studied in complex networks. In this article, I analytically and numerically study whether Braess like paradox occurs or not on Dorogovtsev-Mendes network\\cite{2}, which is a sort of small world networks. The cost function needed to go along an edge is p","authors_text":"Norihito Toyota","cross_cats":["cs.SI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2013-04-08T07:49:41Z","title":"Braess like Paradox in a Small World Network"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1304.2126","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f28ede64bdd5f8dc6e80aa32ff9b8d5fbbfcca175c8e4cf87bbc981612cd4f0e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:28:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3835fa8ec77ff63f9eaf22595a86cb071286d3292a833c8952bccc1329228376","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2013-04-08T07:49:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"54abda2ec8613572d1d726f968621459d78d1710d7199d870da357119e5522de"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1304.2126","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a543aaa9f26d06117c33289497e56befe11c526b6f5b6fabfb82723221c797b2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a543aaa9f26d06117c33289497e56befe11c526b6f5b6fabfb82723221c797b2","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:28:43.958410Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:28:43.958410Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"/nBvVr0PODGbOZrl3Fu+PfZMbVW/gtPVCa5jELG76YNveXPoM0UPk4DvuuLh3C2ZJVJswgHI6BcH967VAMEYBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:28:43.959178Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1304.2126","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f28ede64bdd5f8dc6e80aa32ff9b8d5fbbfcca175c8e4cf87bbc981612cd4f0e","sha256:f8b8e6eca517a32b5ac04c1382110d9930f3313a45c91fc38e63a0aee401f088"],"state_sha256":"0f7e81a57826f487d239be4ff55b3a3c8b292ae966c0d5a2e0ecef6907cd4388"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XHRrzZSVINmTlQinTE6z0kfZbG+Bex0zrDs9xgGxkVo6f/5UEs4X3KAQVLpeauk+xIPaVRSK7tN25AVzv5NqDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T17:14:16.273800Z","bundle_sha256":"2b7918e7c459bcedd22a4ed25b6c5f1ab586ba68d63cebc80103619705aa4d38"}}