{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:UWG546GKYZZYAAPFD5JS2PNAND","short_pith_number":"pith:UWG546GK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2606.03059","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2026-06-02T02:46:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fbdaefd29ea5715a1abfd2ef216e07ccc88a8fcc09f2e89c76fc375b35fe7190","abstract_canon_sha256":"6d64e4cc2ec0358f5fc36683bfefade43410567c7994681dea2470e0a94a444d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a58dde78cac6738001e51f532d3da068f2d7db9f505dd5503566c8cb479a5ec4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2606.03059","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2606.03059","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2606.03059v1","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2606.03059","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UWG546GKYZZY","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UWG546GKYZZYAAPF","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UWG546GK","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:UWG546GKYZZYAAPFD5JS2PNAND","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2606.03059","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2026-06-02T02:46:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fbdaefd29ea5715a1abfd2ef216e07ccc88a8fcc09f2e89c76fc375b35fe7190","abstract_canon_sha256":"6d64e4cc2ec0358f5fc36683bfefade43410567c7994681dea2470e0a94a444d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a58dde78cac6738001e51f532d3da068f2d7db9f505dd5503566c8cb479a5ec4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30.544758Z","signature_b64":"dgtHlenprolkmSdYIXEveOB3ym3APZGPYPcjl1/+0GksvSRYnV/0W8a1nfZ5GINr5ELa/ymVGEtNnbUXm4aKBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a58dde78cac6738001e51f532d3da068f2d7db9f505dd5503566c8cb479a5ec4","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30.544332Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30.544332Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2606.03059","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xf9Qy8Pq1EkDBDtzUwcOZRxYHFR3S7oDIWM7s64safZuO2A4XW4kCAzNLwN+YWLvW27v2NCs70DeEZNIQzONBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T16:44:12.438807Z"},"content_sha256":"ffa865859cdfd37bdc8d87432b8e12b9aa0ee204ab0ff4cbc68327ca72202daa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ffa865859cdfd37bdc8d87432b8e12b9aa0ee204ab0ff4cbc68327ca72202daa"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:UWG546GKYZZYAAPFD5JS2PNAND","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Dynamics of vapor bubble train in flow boiling heat transfer in microchannels","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Odumuyiwa A. Odumosu, Tianyou Wang, Zhizhao Che","submitted_at":"2026-06-02T02:46:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"Microchannel flow boiling is a promising technique for micro-device thermal management, and understanding the bubble dynamics in microchannel flow boiling is important for the applications. Previous studies only focused on single, isolated bubbles, but the bubbles in microchannel flow boiling applications often exist as bubble trains, in which the bubbles interact with each other. Here, we investigate numerically vapor bubble trains in microchannel flow boiling by adopting the flow-focusing technique to form monodispersed bubbles in the upstream of the microchannel. With increasing the initial"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.03059","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2606.03059/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8P73ARlC3owlS419XPxziyOyXkzmPMDlMQ+ipMrzvB88aawmjEDNq96bjG8ZmmmvlJSZhjrl4Sjk+2dC7vDOAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T16:44:12.439178Z"},"content_sha256":"374d0855bbbc64bd41b3b3ad65e69dd5601181f53cad4160ba3060b39d3d24dc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:374d0855bbbc64bd41b3b3ad65e69dd5601181f53cad4160ba3060b39d3d24dc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UWG546GKYZZYAAPFD5JS2PNAND/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UWG546GKYZZYAAPFD5JS2PNAND/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UWG546GKYZZYAAPFD5JS2PNAND/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-23T16:44:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UWG546GKYZZYAAPFD5JS2PNAND","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UWG546GKYZZYAAPFD5JS2PNAND/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UWG546GKYZZYAAPFD5JS2PNAND/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UWG546GKYZZYAAPFD5JS2PNAND/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:UWG546GKYZZYAAPFD5JS2PNAND","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6d64e4cc2ec0358f5fc36683bfefade43410567c7994681dea2470e0a94a444d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2026-06-02T02:46:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"fbdaefd29ea5715a1abfd2ef216e07ccc88a8fcc09f2e89c76fc375b35fe7190"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2606.03059","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2606.03059","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2606.03059v1","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2606.03059","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UWG546GKYZZY","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UWG546GKYZZYAAPF","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UWG546GK","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:374d0855bbbc64bd41b3b3ad65e69dd5601181f53cad4160ba3060b39d3d24dc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2606.03059/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Microchannel flow boiling is a promising technique for micro-device thermal management, and understanding the bubble dynamics in microchannel flow boiling is important for the applications. Previous studies only focused on single, isolated bubbles, but the bubbles in microchannel flow boiling applications often exist as bubble trains, in which the bubbles interact with each other. Here, we investigate numerically vapor bubble trains in microchannel flow boiling by adopting the flow-focusing technique to form monodispersed bubbles in the upstream of the microchannel. With increasing the initial","authors_text":"Odumuyiwa A. Odumosu, Tianyou Wang, Zhizhao Che","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2026-06-02T02:46:19Z","title":"Dynamics of vapor bubble train in flow boiling heat transfer in microchannels"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.03059","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ffa865859cdfd37bdc8d87432b8e12b9aa0ee204ab0ff4cbc68327ca72202daa","target":"record","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6d64e4cc2ec0358f5fc36683bfefade43410567c7994681dea2470e0a94a444d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2026-06-02T02:46:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"fbdaefd29ea5715a1abfd2ef216e07ccc88a8fcc09f2e89c76fc375b35fe7190"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2606.03059","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a58dde78cac6738001e51f532d3da068f2d7db9f505dd5503566c8cb479a5ec4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a58dde78cac6738001e51f532d3da068f2d7db9f505dd5503566c8cb479a5ec4","first_computed_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30.544332Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30.544332Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"dgtHlenprolkmSdYIXEveOB3ym3APZGPYPcjl1/+0GksvSRYnV/0W8a1nfZ5GINr5ELa/ymVGEtNnbUXm4aKBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:30.544758Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2606.03059","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ffa865859cdfd37bdc8d87432b8e12b9aa0ee204ab0ff4cbc68327ca72202daa","sha256:374d0855bbbc64bd41b3b3ad65e69dd5601181f53cad4160ba3060b39d3d24dc"],"state_sha256":"626bbdf775681d1161084286abe7c54ac2d39438d2e5661380b67c3e2969146f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"74M+ukv/JyavQu6muYw9BWs6JV9+1c8fK9Ry/8HxSOgPaP/I8jyqnURDC3G5xfpog2uOJvCEJoxv32YjyxLuCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T16:44:12.441217Z","bundle_sha256":"2f718608b4fd1a47cf4882e6bb2fe36331c2be9c5deef8cead54490e36ea9dda"}}