{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2017:UX2XJES2QO2WHLHQE7TBJTKI67","short_pith_number":"pith:UX2XJES2","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"a5f574925a83b563acf027e614cd48f7ebf1187c9529ba41acfe4929fcc91003","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1704.00843","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Counter-RAPTOR: Safeguarding Tor Against Active Routing Attacks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.NI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Anne Edmundson, Mung Chiang, Nick Feamster, Prateek Mittal, Yixin Sun","submitted_at":"2017-04-04T00:50:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"Tor is vulnerable to network-level adversaries who can observe both ends of the communication to deanonymize users. Recent work has shown that Tor is susceptible to the previously unknown active BGP routing attacks, called RAPTOR attacks, which expose Tor users to more network-level adversaries. In this paper, we aim to mitigate and detect such active routing attacks against Tor. First, we present a new measurement study on the resilience of the Tor network to active BGP prefix attacks. We show that ASes with high Tor bandwidth can be less resilient to attacks than other ASes. Second, we prese"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1704.00843","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2017-04-04T00:50:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI"],"title_canon_sha256":"d77c301f4131005a4c031a59b82eec76a16ad79ad32f5be9b623ed75169ec805","abstract_canon_sha256":"9742870f0ee97b8eaa3cb4265fe43eee5a3a957dbc15d955331f3f71040f98b0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:54.928710Z","signature_b64":"zKOAKOML70xzPFm93lt+ooOgLRfPZy23q6ZUSF8YVOAjC1ufIvBW/tFNgPMwJ1geHw/hN8yH9R7z2MCC/pXJDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a5f574925a83b563acf027e614cd48f7ebf1187c9529ba41acfe4929fcc91003","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:54.928225Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:54.928225Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Counter-RAPTOR: Safeguarding Tor Against Active Routing Attacks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.NI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Anne Edmundson, Mung Chiang, Nick Feamster, Prateek Mittal, Yixin Sun","submitted_at":"2017-04-04T00:50:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"Tor is vulnerable to network-level adversaries who can observe both ends of the communication to deanonymize users. Recent work has shown that Tor is susceptible to the previously unknown active BGP routing attacks, called RAPTOR attacks, which expose Tor users to more network-level adversaries. In this paper, we aim to mitigate and detect such active routing attacks against Tor. First, we present a new measurement study on the resilience of the Tor network to active BGP prefix attacks. We show that ASes with high Tor bandwidth can be less resilient to attacks than other ASes. Second, we prese"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1704.00843","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1704.00843","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:54.928296+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1704.00843v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:54.928296+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1704.00843","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:54.928296+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UX2XJES2QO2W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:49.984773+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UX2XJES2QO2WHLHQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:49.984773+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UX2XJES2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:49.984773+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/UX2XJES2QO2WHLHQE7TBJTKI67","json":"https://pith.science/pith/UX2XJES2QO2WHLHQE7TBJTKI67.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/UX2XJES2QO2WHLHQE7TBJTKI67/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/UX2XJES2QO2WHLHQE7TBJTKI67/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/UX2XJES2"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/UX2XJES2QO2WHLHQE7TBJTKI67","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/UX2XJES2QO2WHLHQE7TBJTKI67.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/UX2XJES2","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1704.00843&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/UX2XJES2QO2WHLHQE7TBJTKI67/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/UX2XJES2QO2WHLHQE7TBJTKI67/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/UX2XJES2QO2WHLHQE7TBJTKI67/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/UX2XJES2QO2WHLHQE7TBJTKI67/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/UX2XJES2QO2WHLHQE7TBJTKI67/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/UX2XJES2QO2WHLHQE7TBJTKI67/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/UX2XJES2QO2WHLHQE7TBJTKI67/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:54.928296+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:54.928296+00:00"}