{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:UYMJ37DDBC2BS4SPXSYDE6RBXO","short_pith_number":"pith:UYMJ37DD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.11885","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2026-05-12T09:59:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.NC"],"title_canon_sha256":"6131a09a8e081b37cdb816184e03f69ae40554dca2a86d41b69437cb56a3d51a","abstract_canon_sha256":"ce4e732286553f0e252d998d094984f690a65a7fc9516c6d4dbbdffad2b47ec3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a6189dfc6308b419724fbcb0327a21bba78ff65d5b24f9b1bf3742f6626a92fa","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2605.11885","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.11885","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.11885v1","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.11885","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UYMJ37DDBC2B","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UYMJ37DDBC2BS4SP","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UYMJ37DD","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:UYMJ37DDBC2BS4SPXSYDE6RBXO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.11885","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2026-05-12T09:59:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.NC"],"title_canon_sha256":"6131a09a8e081b37cdb816184e03f69ae40554dca2a86d41b69437cb56a3d51a","abstract_canon_sha256":"ce4e732286553f0e252d998d094984f690a65a7fc9516c6d4dbbdffad2b47ec3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a6189dfc6308b419724fbcb0327a21bba78ff65d5b24f9b1bf3742f6626a92fa","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42.922955Z","signature_b64":"vb44c/0GZ3FvPFvAB0S3aB+6BCsJXuEEQv9aDkB5U7UBi0H7eP2lXZvCqFdkLbW0X+c2k5CkD9QDrQOBO4SeAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a6189dfc6308b419724fbcb0327a21bba78ff65d5b24f9b1bf3742f6626a92fa","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42.922227Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42.922227Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2605.11885","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nO1L/8L8x9E+QfwAfZRspVqlU7bb4Fcjl6afxYyap7ExOJwsRlvWOXNsLLD3z1xvpa4ROeZcmKf2BU+5By5LBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T14:33:46.550666Z"},"content_sha256":"ff8501b77610edb0cacd1061bee01b894e8fae7e62c45d06d131fdf734d368ce","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ff8501b77610edb0cacd1061bee01b894e8fae7e62c45d06d131fdf734d368ce"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:UYMJ37DDBC2BS4SPXSYDE6RBXO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"From Clever Hans to Scientific Discovery: Interpreting EEG Foundational Transformers with LRP","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"LRP on EEG foundation models can verify decisions and generate new biological hypotheses.","cross_cats":["q-bio.NC"],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Bogdan Franczyk, Justus Meyer zu Bexten, Nico Scherf, Simon M. Hofmann","submitted_at":"2026-05-12T09:59:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"Emerging foundation models (FMs) in electroencephalography (EEG) promise a path to scale deep learning in diagnostics and brain-computer interfaces despite data scarcity, yet their opaque nature remains a barrier to wider adoption. We investigate attention-aware Layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) as a post-hoc attribution method for EEG-FMs, extending LRP's use on convolutional neural network (CNN)-based EEG models to the Transformer architectures that current FMs are based on. We find that LRP can both verify EEG-FM decisions and surface novel, biologically plausible hypotheses from them."},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"We find that LRP can both verify EEG-FM decisions and surface novel, biologically plausible hypotheses from them.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That the LRP heatmaps correspond to biologically meaningful signals rather than model artifacts or post-hoc interpretation ambiguities in the complex EEG domain.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"LRP on EEG transformers reveals Clever Hans artifacts in motor imagery tasks and a recurring central electrode cluster as a candidate sensorimotor signature of arousal.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"LRP on EEG foundation models can verify decisions and generate new biological hypotheses.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"ba1de7cdad7832d9a0a2b1385f7c0c089727b76c4e31eae4983413976bf6c7a7"},"source":{"id":"2605.11885","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"569e63fe-d8d0-4c12-a8e2-df34db6c84e3","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-13T06:18:42.674019Z","strongest_claim":"We find that LRP can both verify EEG-FM decisions and surface novel, biologically plausible hypotheses from them.","one_line_summary":"LRP on EEG transformers reveals Clever Hans artifacts in motor imagery tasks and a recurring central electrode cluster as a candidate sensorimotor signature of arousal.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That the LRP heatmaps correspond to biologically meaningful signals rather than model artifacts or post-hoc interpretation ambiguities in the complex EEG domain.","pith_extraction_headline":"LRP on EEG foundation models can verify decisions and generate new biological hypotheses."},"integrity":{"clean":false,"summary":{"advisory":2,"critical":1,"by_detector":{"doi_compliance":{"total":3,"advisory":2,"critical":1,"informational":0}},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.11885/integrity.json","findings":[{"note":"DOI in the printed bibliography is fragmented by whitespace or line breaks. A longer candidate (10.48550/arXiv.1603.09382.arXiv:1603.09382) was visible in the surrounding text but could not be confirmed against doi.org as printed.","detector":"doi_compliance","severity":"advisory","ref_index":44,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T08:05:38.872408Z","detected_doi":"10.48550/arXiv.1603.09382.arXiv:1603.09382","finding_type":"recoverable_identifier","verdict_class":"incontrovertible","detected_arxiv_id":null},{"note":"DOI in the printed bibliography is fragmented by whitespace or line breaks. A longer candidate (10.1038/s41586-023-05964-2.10) was visible in the surrounding text but could not be confirmed against doi.org as printed.","detector":"doi_compliance","severity":"advisory","ref_index":48,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T08:05:38.872408Z","detected_doi":"10.1038/s41586-023-05964-2.10","finding_type":"recoverable_identifier","verdict_class":"incontrovertible","detected_arxiv_id":null},{"note":"Identifier '10.1016/s0013-4694(96' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","detector":"doi_compliance","severity":"critical","ref_index":30,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T08:05:38.872408Z","detected_doi":"10.1016/s0013-4694(96","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","verdict_class":"cross_source","detected_arxiv_id":null}],"available":true,"detectors_run":[{"name":"ai_meta_artifact","ran_at":"2026-05-19T11:36:19.813915Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"doi_title_agreement","ran_at":"2026-05-19T09:01:17.982451Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"doi_compliance","ran_at":"2026-05-19T08:05:38.872408Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":3}],"snapshot_sha256":"af842796845c6c5f55ddbbe8de2917c310f3d29395860ea9cc8af1ddfaec003e"},"references":{"count":66,"sample":[{"doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2601.17883","year":2026,"title":"Dingkun Liu et al.EEG Foundation Models: Progresses, Benchmarking, and Open Problems. Feb. 5, 2026.DOI:10.48550/arXiv.2601.17883. arXiv:2601.17883 [cs]. Pre-published","work_id":"0f8b4eb4-4d7d-49b0-a5ed-20d1c6a90db0","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2023,"title":"Large Brain Model for Learning Generic Represen- tations with Tremendous EEG Data in BCI","work_id":"370a7527-bcfa-4be6-84e7-c5ef4ffd0425","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.07236","year":2025,"title":"Cbramod: A criss-cross brain foundation model for eeg decoding","work_id":"ebcabd2f-d1c5-42de-a39d-0974080f3619","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2024,"title":"An Accurate and Rapidly Calibrating Speech Neuroprosthesis","work_id":"e1c8c7ea-0a5f-4d80-859b-67f1cdd6374f","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0130140","year":2015,"title":"On Pixel-Wise Explanations for Non-Linear Classifier Decisions by Layer- Wise Relevance Propagation","work_id":"a2492a93-db2c-4bde-8872-6eaf0d7e310a","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":66,"snapshot_sha256":"11949ea8d11dc8b4026e019d67e81928b7b5d526eb880f6935a3c30c3bfe0ae4","internal_anchors":1},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":"569e63fe-d8d0-4c12-a8e2-df34db6c84e3"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wUqCv3o1ZKRSZlMKRuW7YsCzefsXrs478BFyUaQJhwi5X2KH/nlzWyHk37m/xuqHdoQUf5K03gc3bBc6MTevCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T14:33:46.551358Z"},"content_sha256":"f6deccc4c9fbde87823136491fb588d3b766f28ab4ea7d9687886ef482824a40","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f6deccc4c9fbde87823136491fb588d3b766f28ab4ea7d9687886ef482824a40"},{"event_type":"integrity_finding","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:UYMJ37DDBC2BS4SPXSYDE6RBXO","target":"integrity","payload":{"note":"DOI in the printed bibliography is fragmented by whitespace or line breaks. A longer candidate (10.1038/s41586-023-05964-2.10) was visible in the surrounding text but could not be confirmed against doi.org as printed.","snippet":"Evan M. Gordon et al. “A Somato-Cognitive Action Network Alternates with Effector Regions in Motor Cortex”. In:Nature617.7960 (May 2023), pp. 351–359.ISSN: 1476-4687.DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023- 05964-2. 10","arxiv_id":"2605.11885","detector":"doi_compliance","evidence":{"ref_index":48,"verdict_class":"incontrovertible","resolved_title":null,"printed_excerpt":"Evan M. Gordon et al. “A Somato-Cognitive Action Network Alternates with Effector Regions in Motor Cortex”. In:Nature617.7960 (May 2023), pp. 351–359.ISSN: 1476-4687.DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023- 05964-2. 10","reconstructed_doi":"10.1038/s41586-023-05964-2.10"},"severity":"advisory","ref_index":48,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T08:05:38.872408Z","event_type":"pith.integrity.v1","detected_doi":"10.1038/s41586-023-05964-2.10","detector_url":"https://pith.science/pith-integrity-protocol#doi_compliance","external_url":null,"finding_type":"recoverable_identifier","evidence_hash":"552bf566b53850963f33b445d4dc1405f25bf27218ee76581d981a10c8195bb5","paper_version":1,"verdict_class":"incontrovertible","resolved_title":null,"detector_version":"1.0.0","detected_arxiv_id":null,"integrity_event_id":388,"payload_sha256":"d97963e9c53333b811e1b717dbe62c16cd6f31409d5548095796140951994cd8","signature_b64":"KwDO2TcWGfMxPCA3C1aQDh2mfZh1yIRSNcAuOAgUDgMzFAVwzBiAVWtE6dScBPJycSvj9rRbBCF45y6qAvuiDg==","signing_key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T08:06:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"A4GkF6lQC/GtTJULryIjTAs1fWEP8qbMGhMTQI2BijUXb+Sare3JItJZRww8BmZCwFszYNamd4YyPv3xV4SXBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T14:33:46.552689Z"},"content_sha256":"c437d23a84d7cf0941babda9f080d0be5c7d1b4f88d7b7f21e20b9443a94489b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c437d23a84d7cf0941babda9f080d0be5c7d1b4f88d7b7f21e20b9443a94489b"},{"event_type":"integrity_finding","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:UYMJ37DDBC2BS4SPXSYDE6RBXO","target":"integrity","payload":{"note":"DOI in the printed bibliography is fragmented by whitespace or line breaks. A longer candidate (10.48550/arXiv.1603.09382.arXiv:1603.09382) was visible in the surrounding text but could not be confirmed against doi.org as printed.","snippet":"Gao Huang et al.Deep Networks with Stochastic Depth. July 28, 2016.DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.1603. 09382. arXiv:1603.09382 [cs]. Pre-published","arxiv_id":"2605.11885","detector":"doi_compliance","evidence":{"ref_index":44,"verdict_class":"incontrovertible","resolved_title":null,"printed_excerpt":"Gao Huang et al.Deep Networks with Stochastic Depth. July 28, 2016.DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.1603. 09382. arXiv:1603.09382 [cs]. Pre-published","reconstructed_doi":"10.48550/arXiv.1603.09382.arXiv:1603.09382"},"severity":"advisory","ref_index":44,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T08:05:38.872408Z","event_type":"pith.integrity.v1","detected_doi":"10.48550/arXiv.1603.09382.arXiv:1603.09382","detector_url":"https://pith.science/pith-integrity-protocol#doi_compliance","external_url":null,"finding_type":"recoverable_identifier","evidence_hash":"9511ed9122434bdf53822b97980498a950207c33a095ad817c2176f91a5841d3","paper_version":1,"verdict_class":"incontrovertible","resolved_title":null,"detector_version":"1.0.0","detected_arxiv_id":null,"integrity_event_id":387,"payload_sha256":"0bcc716b8e933a3239f6c229a225a1d64a906f18b6ca24a9cb74a15387570414","signature_b64":"WYPveYre1snOZWl76AN0q7SClY9Xj3HRJ7sk0N9DbdoBa1CkEY2Ry/weNo8MWRdCdmZfAnyK1YZuwFHW9mpgCQ==","signing_key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T08:06:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dHX3kIUlAHZ+VujCzr02I6qPvlyPwp3cpzXIpCnv7lK/zlNhvDWcehqJbwM8ND2koHXq1kkwK/fisCg4v3hUBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T14:33:46.552979Z"},"content_sha256":"54fa14e5785963845f07a13a792884f58adc3cbe372f6f0d5a48dd924539c691","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:54fa14e5785963845f07a13a792884f58adc3cbe372f6f0d5a48dd924539c691"},{"event_type":"integrity_finding","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:UYMJ37DDBC2BS4SPXSYDE6RBXO","target":"integrity","payload":{"note":"Identifier '10.1016/s0013-4694(96' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","snippet":"Gerhard Dirlich et al. “Cardiac Field Effects on the EEG”. In:Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology102.4 (Apr. 1, 1997), pp. 307–315.ISSN: 0013-4694.DOI: 10.1016/S0013-4694(96) 96506-2","arxiv_id":"2605.11885","detector":"doi_compliance","evidence":{"doi":"10.1016/s0013-4694(96","arxiv_id":null,"ref_index":30,"raw_excerpt":"Gerhard Dirlich et al. “Cardiac Field Effects on the EEG”. In:Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology102.4 (Apr. 1, 1997), pp. 307–315.ISSN: 0013-4694.DOI: 10.1016/S0013-4694(96) 96506-2","verdict_class":"cross_source","checked_sources":["crossref_by_doi","openalex_by_doi","doi_org_head"]},"severity":"critical","ref_index":30,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T08:05:38.872408Z","event_type":"pith.integrity.v1","detected_doi":"10.1016/s0013-4694(96","detector_url":"https://pith.science/pith-integrity-protocol#doi_compliance","external_url":null,"finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","evidence_hash":"ea5e512d434cb407821a6d56d7002ff8a5666e941802aae475f4a660cd066565","paper_version":1,"verdict_class":"cross_source","resolved_title":null,"detector_version":"1.0.0","detected_arxiv_id":null,"integrity_event_id":386,"payload_sha256":"9c109d2deaa15515e30ac6c6a0c90303b0a29773ef21a70ea8215db215811999","signature_b64":"ZUchFXPufJ82OFWfWEGVka1be9ScFYIY9jvGeP6DmI1ovSIVAGYUlGQoWgfpBXO9ya8uqV4aGd989b9DNeUXAw==","signing_key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T08:06:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/QnBuTcy76+EdAc4Akjsv2s4ICmuZyk1PKQ3nw5uezWomBhJ+ZZJrKxM1MyGzvWGzex11pty6i3irnJ7d3dnAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T14:33:46.553283Z"},"content_sha256":"573f22732a8122a35b17f83cc2c6d7d1c345c5a74d8c44a8bda923b92781ae2b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:573f22732a8122a35b17f83cc2c6d7d1c345c5a74d8c44a8bda923b92781ae2b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UYMJ37DDBC2BS4SPXSYDE6RBXO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UYMJ37DDBC2BS4SPXSYDE6RBXO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UYMJ37DDBC2BS4SPXSYDE6RBXO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-21T14:33:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UYMJ37DDBC2BS4SPXSYDE6RBXO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UYMJ37DDBC2BS4SPXSYDE6RBXO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UYMJ37DDBC2BS4SPXSYDE6RBXO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UYMJ37DDBC2BS4SPXSYDE6RBXO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:UYMJ37DDBC2BS4SPXSYDE6RBXO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":5,"valid_event_count":5,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":1,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ce4e732286553f0e252d998d094984f690a65a7fc9516c6d4dbbdffad2b47ec3","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.NC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2026-05-12T09:59:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"6131a09a8e081b37cdb816184e03f69ae40554dca2a86d41b69437cb56a3d51a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.11885","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.11885","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.11885v1","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.11885","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UYMJ37DDBC2B","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UYMJ37DDBC2BS4SP","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UYMJ37DD","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f6deccc4c9fbde87823136491fb588d3b766f28ab4ea7d9687886ef482824a40","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C1","kind":"strongest_claim","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","text":"We find that LRP can both verify EEG-FM decisions and surface novel, biologically plausible hypotheses from them."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C2","kind":"weakest_assumption","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","text":"That the LRP heatmaps correspond to biologically meaningful signals rather than model artifacts or post-hoc interpretation ambiguities in the complex EEG domain."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C3","kind":"one_line_summary","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","text":"LRP on EEG transformers reveals Clever Hans artifacts in motor imagery tasks and a recurring central electrode cluster as a candidate sensorimotor signature of arousal."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C4","kind":"headline","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","text":"LRP on EEG foundation models can verify decisions and generate new biological hypotheses."}],"snapshot_sha256":"ba1de7cdad7832d9a0a2b1385f7c0c089727b76c4e31eae4983413976bf6c7a7"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":false,"detectors_run":[{"findings_count":0,"name":"ai_meta_artifact","ran_at":"2026-05-19T11:36:19.813915Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0"},{"findings_count":0,"name":"doi_title_agreement","ran_at":"2026-05-19T09:01:17.982451Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0"},{"findings_count":3,"name":"doi_compliance","ran_at":"2026-05-19T08:05:38.872408Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0"}],"endpoint":"/pith/2605.11885/integrity.json","findings":[{"audited_at":"2026-05-19T08:05:38.872408Z","detected_arxiv_id":null,"detected_doi":"10.48550/arXiv.1603.09382.arXiv:1603.09382","detector":"doi_compliance","finding_type":"recoverable_identifier","note":"DOI in the printed bibliography is fragmented by whitespace or line breaks. A longer candidate (10.48550/arXiv.1603.09382.arXiv:1603.09382) was visible in the surrounding text but could not be confirmed against doi.org as printed.","ref_index":44,"severity":"advisory","verdict_class":"incontrovertible"},{"audited_at":"2026-05-19T08:05:38.872408Z","detected_arxiv_id":null,"detected_doi":"10.1038/s41586-023-05964-2.10","detector":"doi_compliance","finding_type":"recoverable_identifier","note":"DOI in the printed bibliography is fragmented by whitespace or line breaks. A longer candidate (10.1038/s41586-023-05964-2.10) was visible in the surrounding text but could not be confirmed against doi.org as printed.","ref_index":48,"severity":"advisory","verdict_class":"incontrovertible"},{"audited_at":"2026-05-19T08:05:38.872408Z","detected_arxiv_id":null,"detected_doi":"10.1016/s0013-4694(96","detector":"doi_compliance","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","note":"Identifier '10.1016/s0013-4694(96' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","ref_index":30,"severity":"critical","verdict_class":"cross_source"}],"snapshot_sha256":"af842796845c6c5f55ddbbe8de2917c310f3d29395860ea9cc8af1ddfaec003e","summary":{"advisory":2,"by_detector":{"doi_compliance":{"advisory":2,"critical":1,"informational":0,"total":3}},"critical":1,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Emerging foundation models (FMs) in electroencephalography (EEG) promise a path to scale deep learning in diagnostics and brain-computer interfaces despite data scarcity, yet their opaque nature remains a barrier to wider adoption. We investigate attention-aware Layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) as a post-hoc attribution method for EEG-FMs, extending LRP's use on convolutional neural network (CNN)-based EEG models to the Transformer architectures that current FMs are based on. We find that LRP can both verify EEG-FM decisions and surface novel, biologically plausible hypotheses from them.","authors_text":"Bogdan Franczyk, Justus Meyer zu Bexten, Nico Scherf, Simon M. Hofmann","cross_cats":["q-bio.NC"],"headline":"LRP on EEG foundation models can verify decisions and generate new biological hypotheses.","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2026-05-12T09:59:14Z","title":"From Clever Hans to Scientific Discovery: Interpreting EEG Foundational Transformers with LRP"},"references":{"count":66,"internal_anchors":1,"resolved_work":66,"sample":[{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2601.17883","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":1,"title":"Dingkun Liu et al.EEG Foundation Models: Progresses, Benchmarking, and Open Problems. Feb. 5, 2026.DOI:10.48550/arXiv.2601.17883. arXiv:2601.17883 [cs]. Pre-published","work_id":"0f8b4eb4-4d7d-49b0-a5ed-20d1c6a90db0","year":2026},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":2,"title":"Large Brain Model for Learning Generic Represen- tations with Tremendous EEG Data in BCI","work_id":"370a7527-bcfa-4be6-84e7-c5ef4ffd0425","year":2023},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.07236","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":3,"title":"Cbramod: A criss-cross brain foundation model for eeg decoding","work_id":"ebcabd2f-d1c5-42de-a39d-0974080f3619","year":2025},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":4,"title":"An Accurate and Rapidly Calibrating Speech Neuroprosthesis","work_id":"e1c8c7ea-0a5f-4d80-859b-67f1cdd6374f","year":2024},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0130140","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":5,"title":"On Pixel-Wise Explanations for Non-Linear Classifier Decisions by Layer- Wise Relevance Propagation","work_id":"a2492a93-db2c-4bde-8872-6eaf0d7e310a","year":2015}],"snapshot_sha256":"11949ea8d11dc8b4026e019d67e81928b7b5d526eb880f6935a3c30c3bfe0ae4"},"source":{"id":"2605.11885","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":"2026-05-13T06:18:42.674019Z","id":"569e63fe-d8d0-4c12-a8e2-df34db6c84e3","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"one_line_summary":"LRP on EEG transformers reveals Clever Hans artifacts in motor imagery tasks and a recurring central electrode cluster as a candidate sensorimotor signature of arousal.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","pith_extraction_headline":"LRP on EEG foundation models can verify decisions and generate new biological hypotheses.","strongest_claim":"We find that LRP can both verify EEG-FM decisions and surface novel, biologically plausible hypotheses from them.","weakest_assumption":"That the LRP heatmaps correspond to biologically meaningful signals rather than model artifacts or post-hoc interpretation ambiguities in the complex EEG domain."}},"verdict_id":"569e63fe-d8d0-4c12-a8e2-df34db6c84e3"}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ff8501b77610edb0cacd1061bee01b894e8fae7e62c45d06d131fdf734d368ce","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ce4e732286553f0e252d998d094984f690a65a7fc9516c6d4dbbdffad2b47ec3","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.NC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2026-05-12T09:59:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"6131a09a8e081b37cdb816184e03f69ae40554dca2a86d41b69437cb56a3d51a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.11885","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a6189dfc6308b419724fbcb0327a21bba78ff65d5b24f9b1bf3742f6626a92fa","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a6189dfc6308b419724fbcb0327a21bba78ff65d5b24f9b1bf3742f6626a92fa","first_computed_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42.922227Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42.922227Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"vb44c/0GZ3FvPFvAB0S3aB+6BCsJXuEEQv9aDkB5U7UBi0H7eP2lXZvCqFdkLbW0X+c2k5CkD9QDrQOBO4SeAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:42.922955Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2605.11885","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[{"signer_id":"pith.science","event_type":"integrity_finding","target":"integrity","event_ids":["sha256:54fa14e5785963845f07a13a792884f58adc3cbe372f6f0d5a48dd924539c691","sha256:573f22732a8122a35b17f83cc2c6d7d1c345c5a74d8c44a8bda923b92781ae2b","sha256:c437d23a84d7cf0941babda9f080d0be5c7d1b4f88d7b7f21e20b9443a94489b"]}],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ff8501b77610edb0cacd1061bee01b894e8fae7e62c45d06d131fdf734d368ce","sha256:f6deccc4c9fbde87823136491fb588d3b766f28ab4ea7d9687886ef482824a40"],"state_sha256":"c0eda078c02553705f3dccc7306b78fb80e6eceb72cdf63d3158cba938529c8b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jCDFr4zIHM1SetaI9KMPedmGTN5ZySWmD42VHUeveer3xX5LtRrSpRsAGkYj2j5e8NnyYKwSKpMJd8osekCvBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T14:33:46.557867Z","bundle_sha256":"4066e0678eddfc70d75e0423ec499a7dc92013b4ee01d67757b086fe5e2c32d5"}}