{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:UYUBFOCANVNYWWMQWMGYSLM5QE","short_pith_number":"pith:UYUBFOCA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1310.2756","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2013-10-10T10:22:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th","physics.hist-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"2e7d93e48b8d29f5ecd799ab384445baae89ead0267fb19e5f95f3c086840290","abstract_canon_sha256":"a48ca3a567c8e03afa1d11fd1033a6d57920bd71bb7aa89dc3afb2a1a59847d4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a62812b8406d5b8b5990b30d892d9d81165615614f5ee65337c58874e6f690f9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1310.2756","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1310.2756","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1310.2756v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1310.2756","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UYUBFOCANVNY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UYUBFOCANVNYWWMQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UYUBFOCA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:UYUBFOCANVNYWWMQWMGYSLM5QE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1310.2756","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2013-10-10T10:22:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th","physics.hist-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"2e7d93e48b8d29f5ecd799ab384445baae89ead0267fb19e5f95f3c086840290","abstract_canon_sha256":"a48ca3a567c8e03afa1d11fd1033a6d57920bd71bb7aa89dc3afb2a1a59847d4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a62812b8406d5b8b5990b30d892d9d81165615614f5ee65337c58874e6f690f9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:47.435768Z","signature_b64":"0nL6pPSZLA5GG0UnAfVKiYfoXO5zWHOvxK41vlgOyIrCBzsFZw8h6h8Saeccqb+jNBV5cr/ZbQ41oyZaL7DpDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a62812b8406d5b8b5990b30d892d9d81165615614f5ee65337c58874e6f690f9","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:47.435122Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:47.435122Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1310.2756","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/LqMz07gn2lEmA3jA4IntdbjeF2MXByUMKO/ZZzofWl4ENSGRxdtVpDhSY5cw8cdlOzKhb6UbEcDi8DcuKjjBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T20:16:42.715553Z"},"content_sha256":"58f00fcc470218e69f25e77d5953778a450367aeef8c744613110eaf1cbaef87","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:58f00fcc470218e69f25e77d5953778a450367aeef8c744613110eaf1cbaef87"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:UYUBFOCANVNYWWMQWMGYSLM5QE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A First Class Constraint Generates Not a Gauge Transformation, But a Bad Physical Change: The Case of Electromagnetism","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-th","physics.hist-ph"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"J. Brian Pitts","submitted_at":"2013-10-10T10:22:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"In Dirac-Bergmann constrained dynamics, a first-class constraint typically does not _alone_ generate a gauge transformation. Each first-class constraint in Maxwell's theory generates a change in the electric field E by an arbitrary gradient, spoiling Gauss's law. The secondary constraint p^i,_i=0 still holds, but being a function of derivatives of momenta (mere auxiliary fields), it is not directly about the observable electric field (a function of derivatives of A), which couples to charge. Only a special combination of the two first-class constraints, the Anderson-Bergmann-Castellani gauge g"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1310.2756","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RarAH/7xYv4y1TURAZ1ZxI9AKF2aTzsaHrW1kFdYsdJgwDe9VrETmUSGetfVX3PKgMHgu1ur8OCy0FDSCaHiDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T20:16:42.716285Z"},"content_sha256":"42c4ec7d98968e42885c6e7b3e56e89af0ffaf1e8aed480adfc6fee55a1f7e99","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:42c4ec7d98968e42885c6e7b3e56e89af0ffaf1e8aed480adfc6fee55a1f7e99"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UYUBFOCANVNYWWMQWMGYSLM5QE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UYUBFOCANVNYWWMQWMGYSLM5QE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UYUBFOCANVNYWWMQWMGYSLM5QE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-08T20:16:42Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UYUBFOCANVNYWWMQWMGYSLM5QE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UYUBFOCANVNYWWMQWMGYSLM5QE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UYUBFOCANVNYWWMQWMGYSLM5QE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UYUBFOCANVNYWWMQWMGYSLM5QE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:UYUBFOCANVNYWWMQWMGYSLM5QE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a48ca3a567c8e03afa1d11fd1033a6d57920bd71bb7aa89dc3afb2a1a59847d4","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th","physics.hist-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2013-10-10T10:22:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"2e7d93e48b8d29f5ecd799ab384445baae89ead0267fb19e5f95f3c086840290"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1310.2756","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1310.2756","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1310.2756v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1310.2756","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UYUBFOCANVNY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UYUBFOCANVNYWWMQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UYUBFOCA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:42c4ec7d98968e42885c6e7b3e56e89af0ffaf1e8aed480adfc6fee55a1f7e99","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In Dirac-Bergmann constrained dynamics, a first-class constraint typically does not _alone_ generate a gauge transformation. Each first-class constraint in Maxwell's theory generates a change in the electric field E by an arbitrary gradient, spoiling Gauss's law. The secondary constraint p^i,_i=0 still holds, but being a function of derivatives of momenta (mere auxiliary fields), it is not directly about the observable electric field (a function of derivatives of A), which couples to charge. Only a special combination of the two first-class constraints, the Anderson-Bergmann-Castellani gauge g","authors_text":"J. Brian Pitts","cross_cats":["hep-th","physics.hist-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2013-10-10T10:22:19Z","title":"A First Class Constraint Generates Not a Gauge Transformation, But a Bad Physical Change: The Case of Electromagnetism"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1310.2756","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:58f00fcc470218e69f25e77d5953778a450367aeef8c744613110eaf1cbaef87","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a48ca3a567c8e03afa1d11fd1033a6d57920bd71bb7aa89dc3afb2a1a59847d4","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th","physics.hist-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2013-10-10T10:22:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"2e7d93e48b8d29f5ecd799ab384445baae89ead0267fb19e5f95f3c086840290"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1310.2756","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"a62812b8406d5b8b5990b30d892d9d81165615614f5ee65337c58874e6f690f9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a62812b8406d5b8b5990b30d892d9d81165615614f5ee65337c58874e6f690f9","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:47.435122Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:47.435122Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"0nL6pPSZLA5GG0UnAfVKiYfoXO5zWHOvxK41vlgOyIrCBzsFZw8h6h8Saeccqb+jNBV5cr/ZbQ41oyZaL7DpDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:47.435768Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1310.2756","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:58f00fcc470218e69f25e77d5953778a450367aeef8c744613110eaf1cbaef87","sha256:42c4ec7d98968e42885c6e7b3e56e89af0ffaf1e8aed480adfc6fee55a1f7e99"],"state_sha256":"55d0648d16f2fa800a234d5f0a3d310fb4c0cb5613c95f421375930e464825ae"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZbwQXM85WOf5ReVrhNzfEyISPLVKUt9ObEKgSDTWmkl2KlSlD48dRELzTlhTpYcBZSs3fnh6od3myk3RZ8cYBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T20:16:42.720385Z","bundle_sha256":"7e4fd435be57ab11b9fb4d048b19421714d02fb808f552c262c92ba8bbdc5d0c"}}