{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:UZLY3VARHZY6MPNV7KDEMHWSFR","short_pith_number":"pith:UZLY3VAR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2310.06202","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-10-09T23:06:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"51cc03e20747e5ac5d756bbeedf34f33a8879309836f00dcce0256ba5e8de489","abstract_canon_sha256":"8c18eb6134f7046bf6a9c5c3cb1727055da0a57264d62dc6e65e694a3b02527a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a6578dd4113e71e63db5fa86461ed22c7471d35fc790ad6bc386c5a15f20dfd4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2310.06202","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2310.06202","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2310.06202v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2310.06202","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UZLY3VARHZY6","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UZLY3VARHZY6MPNV","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UZLY3VAR","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:UZLY3VARHZY6MPNV7KDEMHWSFR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2310.06202","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-10-09T23:06:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"51cc03e20747e5ac5d756bbeedf34f33a8879309836f00dcce0256ba5e8de489","abstract_canon_sha256":"8c18eb6134f7046bf6a9c5c3cb1727055da0a57264d62dc6e65e694a3b02527a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a6578dd4113e71e63db5fa86461ed22c7471d35fc790ad6bc386c5a15f20dfd4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02.887531Z","signature_b64":"kb4G9zODOFlEUq+05jWnKfBO/MSg1SNM1Dkv24MbBwWaIJU26dtP26ZdZa5fl/4QvdQvLCSWdj4jc7f9k9u3CA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a6578dd4113e71e63db5fa86461ed22c7471d35fc790ad6bc386c5a15f20dfd4","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02.887036Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02.887036Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2310.06202","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EPnQL0pqfh8hZmo+z0J3Cdx7cMpXTLzzW29HBT6nn8tlbsjzD1WEE4eJ5NogLz+nqxLKvZv/JXsfGGwHhz+ICA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T17:06:03.803993Z"},"content_sha256":"d8d7ec3a3b1fb11128c4cb5ed2255fdf4df7de4485781b2b8181a516d30aa6c3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d8d7ec3a3b1fb11128c4cb5ed2255fdf4df7de4485781b2b8181a516d30aa6c3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:UZLY3VARHZY6MPNV7KDEMHWSFR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"GPT-who: An Information Density-based Machine-Generated Text Detector","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Adaku Uchendu, Dongwon Lee, Saranya Venkatraman","submitted_at":"2023-10-09T23:06:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Uniform Information Density (UID) principle posits that humans prefer to spread information evenly during language production. We examine if this UID principle can help capture differences between Large Language Models (LLMs)-generated and human-generated texts. We propose GPT-who, the first psycholinguistically-inspired domain-agnostic statistical detector. This detector employs UID-based features to model the unique statistical signature of each LLM and human author for accurate detection. We evaluate our method using 4 large-scale benchmark datasets and find that GPT-who outperforms sta"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2310.06202","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2310.06202/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"j21L7JEBNqxbsHxn7OkmD8IcBEtQbK8Zz8lBHBbLbqlIsPiwxPttcgzmFKu1jkVKvYJscpzHzZ3GlA2cJrV3BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T17:06:03.804340Z"},"content_sha256":"8cab682e2ce05edb111647bf16dcf0d696a3cfa7952cd94088f3c5db2452d822","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8cab682e2ce05edb111647bf16dcf0d696a3cfa7952cd94088f3c5db2452d822"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UZLY3VARHZY6MPNV7KDEMHWSFR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UZLY3VARHZY6MPNV7KDEMHWSFR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UZLY3VARHZY6MPNV7KDEMHWSFR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T17:06:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UZLY3VARHZY6MPNV7KDEMHWSFR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UZLY3VARHZY6MPNV7KDEMHWSFR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UZLY3VARHZY6MPNV7KDEMHWSFR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UZLY3VARHZY6MPNV7KDEMHWSFR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:UZLY3VARHZY6MPNV7KDEMHWSFR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8c18eb6134f7046bf6a9c5c3cb1727055da0a57264d62dc6e65e694a3b02527a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-10-09T23:06:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"51cc03e20747e5ac5d756bbeedf34f33a8879309836f00dcce0256ba5e8de489"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2310.06202","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2310.06202","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2310.06202v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2310.06202","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UZLY3VARHZY6","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UZLY3VARHZY6MPNV","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UZLY3VAR","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8cab682e2ce05edb111647bf16dcf0d696a3cfa7952cd94088f3c5db2452d822","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2310.06202/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The Uniform Information Density (UID) principle posits that humans prefer to spread information evenly during language production. We examine if this UID principle can help capture differences between Large Language Models (LLMs)-generated and human-generated texts. We propose GPT-who, the first psycholinguistically-inspired domain-agnostic statistical detector. This detector employs UID-based features to model the unique statistical signature of each LLM and human author for accurate detection. We evaluate our method using 4 large-scale benchmark datasets and find that GPT-who outperforms sta","authors_text":"Adaku Uchendu, Dongwon Lee, Saranya Venkatraman","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-10-09T23:06:05Z","title":"GPT-who: An Information Density-based Machine-Generated Text Detector"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2310.06202","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d8d7ec3a3b1fb11128c4cb5ed2255fdf4df7de4485781b2b8181a516d30aa6c3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8c18eb6134f7046bf6a9c5c3cb1727055da0a57264d62dc6e65e694a3b02527a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-10-09T23:06:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"51cc03e20747e5ac5d756bbeedf34f33a8879309836f00dcce0256ba5e8de489"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2310.06202","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"a6578dd4113e71e63db5fa86461ed22c7471d35fc790ad6bc386c5a15f20dfd4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a6578dd4113e71e63db5fa86461ed22c7471d35fc790ad6bc386c5a15f20dfd4","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02.887036Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02.887036Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"kb4G9zODOFlEUq+05jWnKfBO/MSg1SNM1Dkv24MbBwWaIJU26dtP26ZdZa5fl/4QvdQvLCSWdj4jc7f9k9u3CA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:02.887531Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2310.06202","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d8d7ec3a3b1fb11128c4cb5ed2255fdf4df7de4485781b2b8181a516d30aa6c3","sha256:8cab682e2ce05edb111647bf16dcf0d696a3cfa7952cd94088f3c5db2452d822"],"state_sha256":"a69d0f252a5a032cc610fbc17906afbee6536309f02263a3c5eadb236a67f576"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Jey6VdiZ3v4788CPXuuBfCm2lF94jv/WuGRoCOlhs5j8djJvLCtva2LmVcCsxKY8EX2VOh76nlgIee0AJ7FpAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T17:06:03.807312Z","bundle_sha256":"9aa6f5c2973e5877e83b58b2881be7e6bf42f248dfc4b2c6c5e1ca79b173ae6f"}}