{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:V2FFIAMM4GXVKDZOXK42NJO3NA","short_pith_number":"pith:V2FFIAMM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1410.3250","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-10-13T10:24:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9304c5c5a6da5177da0d2d6e60bbcb4d6c36aad87ee69435af3cf6f232972560","abstract_canon_sha256":"fe0cf689e221439e987a55eefd61f8fad05b372da2075317dd90cc67557006a4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ae8a54018ce1af550f2ebab9a6a5db6805d076c59444ce01139f5879aa6c7fba","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1410.3250","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1410.3250","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1410.3250v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1410.3250","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V2FFIAMM4GXV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V2FFIAMM4GXVKDZO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V2FFIAMM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:V2FFIAMM4GXVKDZOXK42NJO3NA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1410.3250","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-10-13T10:24:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9304c5c5a6da5177da0d2d6e60bbcb4d6c36aad87ee69435af3cf6f232972560","abstract_canon_sha256":"fe0cf689e221439e987a55eefd61f8fad05b372da2075317dd90cc67557006a4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ae8a54018ce1af550f2ebab9a6a5db6805d076c59444ce01139f5879aa6c7fba","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:36.477925Z","signature_b64":"rgoOBw6OUvsFVW5TSa9QXZCDK7pnnxbz0XZ34xRidJJDd7h9hK/iVbHJt0OOmJLFd6V0tgkRfjJylsO8H6cPAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ae8a54018ce1af550f2ebab9a6a5db6805d076c59444ce01139f5879aa6c7fba","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:36.477270Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:36.477270Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1410.3250","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JffBczipdSAbqLt6xoZQac2xbca5f12vPcHN8wUU3S580Zzt7MO+MQBMLoY+qYlLAC0w+OdnJGsRqJ5d2NY8Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-21T13:28:57.441273Z"},"content_sha256":"2962ae911fc4cd3ae7c44537d3b8ee0f29ce2094bffdc1f9e774436c6efef313","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2962ae911fc4cd3ae7c44537d3b8ee0f29ce2094bffdc1f9e774436c6efef313"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:V2FFIAMM4GXVKDZOXK42NJO3NA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The evolution of a binary in a retrograde circular orbit embedded in an accretion disk","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"A.G. Polnarev, J.C.B. Papaloizou, P.B. Ivanov, S.-J. Paardekooper","submitted_at":"2014-10-13T10:24:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"Supermassive black hole binaries may form as a consequence of galaxy mergers. Both prograde and retrograde orbits have been proposed. We study a binary of a small mass ratio, q, in a retrograde orbit immersed in and interacting with a gaseous accretion disk in order to estimate time scales for inward migration leading to coalescence and the accretion rate to the secondary component. We employ both semi-analytic methods and two dimensional numerical simulations, focusing on the case where the binary mass ratio is small but large enough to significantly perturb the disk. We develop the theory of"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1410.3250","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"obbwvIx0c5trsDGVtKCibGxZDQThnlHX7gVK+TZd0S/FOZmFjRI9EoPfh2HyOWAB0nPVLrQqmN9saEuHsv6WDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-21T13:28:57.441635Z"},"content_sha256":"0b27c72036e3bd84d10aae1297d8158641d9b0ea70238a52b2503784870db1ec","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0b27c72036e3bd84d10aae1297d8158641d9b0ea70238a52b2503784870db1ec"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V2FFIAMM4GXVKDZOXK42NJO3NA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V2FFIAMM4GXVKDZOXK42NJO3NA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V2FFIAMM4GXVKDZOXK42NJO3NA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-21T13:28:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/V2FFIAMM4GXVKDZOXK42NJO3NA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/V2FFIAMM4GXVKDZOXK42NJO3NA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/V2FFIAMM4GXVKDZOXK42NJO3NA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V2FFIAMM4GXVKDZOXK42NJO3NA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:V2FFIAMM4GXVKDZOXK42NJO3NA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fe0cf689e221439e987a55eefd61f8fad05b372da2075317dd90cc67557006a4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-10-13T10:24:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"9304c5c5a6da5177da0d2d6e60bbcb4d6c36aad87ee69435af3cf6f232972560"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1410.3250","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1410.3250","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1410.3250v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1410.3250","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V2FFIAMM4GXV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V2FFIAMM4GXVKDZO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V2FFIAMM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0b27c72036e3bd84d10aae1297d8158641d9b0ea70238a52b2503784870db1ec","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Supermassive black hole binaries may form as a consequence of galaxy mergers. Both prograde and retrograde orbits have been proposed. We study a binary of a small mass ratio, q, in a retrograde orbit immersed in and interacting with a gaseous accretion disk in order to estimate time scales for inward migration leading to coalescence and the accretion rate to the secondary component. We employ both semi-analytic methods and two dimensional numerical simulations, focusing on the case where the binary mass ratio is small but large enough to significantly perturb the disk. We develop the theory of","authors_text":"A.G. Polnarev, J.C.B. Papaloizou, P.B. Ivanov, S.-J. Paardekooper","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-10-13T10:24:11Z","title":"The evolution of a binary in a retrograde circular orbit embedded in an accretion disk"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1410.3250","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2962ae911fc4cd3ae7c44537d3b8ee0f29ce2094bffdc1f9e774436c6efef313","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fe0cf689e221439e987a55eefd61f8fad05b372da2075317dd90cc67557006a4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-10-13T10:24:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"9304c5c5a6da5177da0d2d6e60bbcb4d6c36aad87ee69435af3cf6f232972560"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1410.3250","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ae8a54018ce1af550f2ebab9a6a5db6805d076c59444ce01139f5879aa6c7fba","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ae8a54018ce1af550f2ebab9a6a5db6805d076c59444ce01139f5879aa6c7fba","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:36.477270Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:36.477270Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rgoOBw6OUvsFVW5TSa9QXZCDK7pnnxbz0XZ34xRidJJDd7h9hK/iVbHJt0OOmJLFd6V0tgkRfjJylsO8H6cPAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:36.477925Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1410.3250","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2962ae911fc4cd3ae7c44537d3b8ee0f29ce2094bffdc1f9e774436c6efef313","sha256:0b27c72036e3bd84d10aae1297d8158641d9b0ea70238a52b2503784870db1ec"],"state_sha256":"14844bde7786b6268ce4981efbe09f99a1914cea59b3332ac562663a6ead4c94"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jTTnaQ9CeXm86Oebf7UyvEG5NKL03xOkFfaFb2GbN6rnjWV5vWlCpM2I6ojZ+Dvpq2Ez0Ar9yxZCGjnRGEqWAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-21T13:28:57.444120Z","bundle_sha256":"b7fb7f971a6cf646b2048cff81a79ff48cc33e899b4212a063c5602b6c2df2c8"}}