{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:V2LQM2MPKMG4O3NOP3TZ3FT5JB","short_pith_number":"pith:V2LQM2MP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1912.11081","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2019-11-26T21:02:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"a867942d8586352c254042b26c2c368573c3a8c9172c9aa3b54b0566e7da5541","abstract_canon_sha256":"676b6cc6ed4c8b07a5cc24b03c8105313353674a2898fed6ec0531c490efb0ca"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ae9706698f530dc76dae7ee79d967d48676f75a50b7d313f93c48c5516d66912","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1912.11081","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1912.11081","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1912.11081v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1912.11081","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V2LQM2MPKMG4","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V2LQM2MPKMG4O3NO","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V2LQM2MP","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:V2LQM2MPKMG4O3NOP3TZ3FT5JB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1912.11081","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2019-11-26T21:02:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"a867942d8586352c254042b26c2c368573c3a8c9172c9aa3b54b0566e7da5541","abstract_canon_sha256":"676b6cc6ed4c8b07a5cc24b03c8105313353674a2898fed6ec0531c490efb0ca"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ae9706698f530dc76dae7ee79d967d48676f75a50b7d313f93c48c5516d66912","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16.818928Z","signature_b64":"so2RpxWuS12VeN0IBCLUb0sIZxEFgRtOLLFHI1dqDpTl1R0BRnBiaz0hulevVuJhJ/GxEKDnSkiZ2sTH2vpoAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ae9706698f530dc76dae7ee79d967d48676f75a50b7d313f93c48c5516d66912","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16.818383Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16.818383Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1912.11081","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Rc4P4S9K8hASa48ewTwrjidI7N8S1B3uYXPfy6j9wTRKtPGe+Qc8zMBi01B6Thf1sgwqQ2cAMNpEb9xFWDILAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T02:37:17.250061Z"},"content_sha256":"b50c0d8fa3e0f000952334c7055649888348cab789149de2f86e3cbaaeca5701","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b50c0d8fa3e0f000952334c7055649888348cab789149de2f86e3cbaaeca5701"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:V2LQM2MPKMG4O3NOP3TZ3FT5JB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Ultra-Low-Power Tuning in Hybrid Barium Titanate-Silicon Nitride Electro-Optic Devices on Silicon","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.optics"],"primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","authors_text":"Alexander A. Demkov, Daniele Caimi, Felix Eltes, Jean Fompeyrine, J. Elliott Ortmann, Lukas Czornomaz, Norbert Meier, Stefan Abel","submitted_at":"2019-11-26T21:02:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"As the optical analogue to integrated electronics, integrated photonics has already found widespread use in data centers in the form of optical interconnects. As global network traffic continues its rapid expansion, the power consumption of such circuits becomes a critical consideration. Electrically tunable devices in photonic integrated circuits contribute significantly to the total power budget, as they traditionally rely on inherently power-consuming phenomena such as the plasma dispersion effect or the thermo-optic effect for operation. Here, we demonstrate ultra-low-power refractive inde"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1912.11081","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1912.11081/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xXBtG/RhcqL6w1DiYcNYP3CkyvAeSLYtQPBU4Qvsd4ypAtMtJ+dxOcyuKOPYImyBBVqc8kIHBHY+C5bh++03Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T02:37:17.250745Z"},"content_sha256":"fc2b2d7a7f9c8305f85cf022b61a71e3150207272bb2f18335c15a61b8b02a7c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fc2b2d7a7f9c8305f85cf022b61a71e3150207272bb2f18335c15a61b8b02a7c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V2LQM2MPKMG4O3NOP3TZ3FT5JB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V2LQM2MPKMG4O3NOP3TZ3FT5JB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V2LQM2MPKMG4O3NOP3TZ3FT5JB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T02:37:17Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/V2LQM2MPKMG4O3NOP3TZ3FT5JB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/V2LQM2MPKMG4O3NOP3TZ3FT5JB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/V2LQM2MPKMG4O3NOP3TZ3FT5JB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V2LQM2MPKMG4O3NOP3TZ3FT5JB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:V2LQM2MPKMG4O3NOP3TZ3FT5JB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"676b6cc6ed4c8b07a5cc24b03c8105313353674a2898fed6ec0531c490efb0ca","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2019-11-26T21:02:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"a867942d8586352c254042b26c2c368573c3a8c9172c9aa3b54b0566e7da5541"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1912.11081","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1912.11081","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1912.11081v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1912.11081","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V2LQM2MPKMG4","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V2LQM2MPKMG4O3NO","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V2LQM2MP","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fc2b2d7a7f9c8305f85cf022b61a71e3150207272bb2f18335c15a61b8b02a7c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1912.11081/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"As the optical analogue to integrated electronics, integrated photonics has already found widespread use in data centers in the form of optical interconnects. As global network traffic continues its rapid expansion, the power consumption of such circuits becomes a critical consideration. Electrically tunable devices in photonic integrated circuits contribute significantly to the total power budget, as they traditionally rely on inherently power-consuming phenomena such as the plasma dispersion effect or the thermo-optic effect for operation. Here, we demonstrate ultra-low-power refractive inde","authors_text":"Alexander A. Demkov, Daniele Caimi, Felix Eltes, Jean Fompeyrine, J. Elliott Ortmann, Lukas Czornomaz, Norbert Meier, Stefan Abel","cross_cats":["physics.optics"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2019-11-26T21:02:21Z","title":"Ultra-Low-Power Tuning in Hybrid Barium Titanate-Silicon Nitride Electro-Optic Devices on Silicon"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1912.11081","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b50c0d8fa3e0f000952334c7055649888348cab789149de2f86e3cbaaeca5701","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"676b6cc6ed4c8b07a5cc24b03c8105313353674a2898fed6ec0531c490efb0ca","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2019-11-26T21:02:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"a867942d8586352c254042b26c2c368573c3a8c9172c9aa3b54b0566e7da5541"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1912.11081","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ae9706698f530dc76dae7ee79d967d48676f75a50b7d313f93c48c5516d66912","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ae9706698f530dc76dae7ee79d967d48676f75a50b7d313f93c48c5516d66912","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16.818383Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16.818383Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"so2RpxWuS12VeN0IBCLUb0sIZxEFgRtOLLFHI1dqDpTl1R0BRnBiaz0hulevVuJhJ/GxEKDnSkiZ2sTH2vpoAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:16.818928Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1912.11081","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b50c0d8fa3e0f000952334c7055649888348cab789149de2f86e3cbaaeca5701","sha256:fc2b2d7a7f9c8305f85cf022b61a71e3150207272bb2f18335c15a61b8b02a7c"],"state_sha256":"a1358330627e0ab6813ee6f0af2c73d32f37281b7688af8c0342f7140f08bdc7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xZtBNjGXMhwDFPme9yJtOcR/XxVgVLtrZIuRgL51BcgKrvHiQg4LDa+sVFclu7NfaDhAdZxf6kkop/yd+u11BA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T02:37:17.254771Z","bundle_sha256":"50373c2745d36eae18cef8893c9af5eeaf15723c771046967d58bad1fe0d1c55"}}