{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:V2XMOGFVTOBHAF24BRF6NEJNCO","short_pith_number":"pith:V2XMOGFV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.05378","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2025-08-07T13:21:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"905a90b02acbac447d6120049000ae2b9ca2b288cd0d3698322a32dd9fa3e465","abstract_canon_sha256":"c966c5fb3fa069a15f282845bae36e3f86e0b0d1c9f41bf51972ebdb26cf4114"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"aeaec718b59b8270175c0c4be6912d13b0689168f468dd46cfd677c9ff0b1644","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2508.05378","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.05378","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.05378v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.05378","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V2XMOGFVTOBH","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V2XMOGFVTOBHAF24","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V2XMOGFV","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:V2XMOGFVTOBHAF24BRF6NEJNCO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.05378","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2025-08-07T13:21:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"905a90b02acbac447d6120049000ae2b9ca2b288cd0d3698322a32dd9fa3e465","abstract_canon_sha256":"c966c5fb3fa069a15f282845bae36e3f86e0b0d1c9f41bf51972ebdb26cf4114"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"aeaec718b59b8270175c0c4be6912d13b0689168f468dd46cfd677c9ff0b1644","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23.430766Z","signature_b64":"UD2naZIzGBBCfuie9NLSYzJY+r9Z5NXDm9M+A5F3BHACK61AO0eKUWZ0fS3z2mT6xidfZNQcd7ss0NSrJjWHAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"aeaec718b59b8270175c0c4be6912d13b0689168f468dd46cfd677c9ff0b1644","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23.430263Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23.430263Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2508.05378","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ja0vcCDhLm9UYPoiEt36rqncPj7T/JcWjAN2tT0laMs97GOKetqTNOBMNSUeSEt+tvuohTYE639RU36fHu8mDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T11:41:44.201220Z"},"content_sha256":"e13af6fdafc17f889b110c3a6c8654b373e6079839c31915dd6b3c0de3b7127a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e13af6fdafc17f889b110c3a6c8654b373e6079839c31915dd6b3c0de3b7127a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:V2XMOGFVTOBHAF24BRF6NEJNCO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Voltage Support Procurement in Transmission Grids: Incentive Design via Online Bilevel Games","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"math.OC","authors_text":"Giuseppe Belgioioso, Saverio Bolognani, Zhisen Jiang","submitted_at":"2025-08-07T13:21:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"The integration of distributed energy resources into transmission grid operations presents a complex challenge, particularly in the context of reactive power procurement for voltage support. This paper addresses this challenge by formulating the voltage regulation problem as a Stackelberg game, where the Transmission System Operator (TSO) designs incentives to guide the reactive power responses of Distribution System Operators (DSOs). We utilize a gradient-based iterative algorithm that updates the incentives to ensure that DSOs adjust their reactive power injections to maintain voltage stabil"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.05378","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2508.05378/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0Snw6v4noIm/9KIlTLHhoHMjm0uYmRqmKfKKUNl0fBCY69R/p7I7EtpegX/vAJQb79WwSEHpjXTyf8Ox6e8XAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T11:41:44.201732Z"},"content_sha256":"e8973209e8515cf6c6fa8a25cba7bbb74242e73d7ace2c3c30c67312e3f4574d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e8973209e8515cf6c6fa8a25cba7bbb74242e73d7ace2c3c30c67312e3f4574d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V2XMOGFVTOBHAF24BRF6NEJNCO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V2XMOGFVTOBHAF24BRF6NEJNCO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V2XMOGFVTOBHAF24BRF6NEJNCO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T11:41:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/V2XMOGFVTOBHAF24BRF6NEJNCO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/V2XMOGFVTOBHAF24BRF6NEJNCO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/V2XMOGFVTOBHAF24BRF6NEJNCO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V2XMOGFVTOBHAF24BRF6NEJNCO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:V2XMOGFVTOBHAF24BRF6NEJNCO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c966c5fb3fa069a15f282845bae36e3f86e0b0d1c9f41bf51972ebdb26cf4114","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2025-08-07T13:21:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"905a90b02acbac447d6120049000ae2b9ca2b288cd0d3698322a32dd9fa3e465"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.05378","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.05378","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.05378v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.05378","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V2XMOGFVTOBH","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V2XMOGFVTOBHAF24","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V2XMOGFV","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e8973209e8515cf6c6fa8a25cba7bbb74242e73d7ace2c3c30c67312e3f4574d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2508.05378/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The integration of distributed energy resources into transmission grid operations presents a complex challenge, particularly in the context of reactive power procurement for voltage support. This paper addresses this challenge by formulating the voltage regulation problem as a Stackelberg game, where the Transmission System Operator (TSO) designs incentives to guide the reactive power responses of Distribution System Operators (DSOs). We utilize a gradient-based iterative algorithm that updates the incentives to ensure that DSOs adjust their reactive power injections to maintain voltage stabil","authors_text":"Giuseppe Belgioioso, Saverio Bolognani, Zhisen Jiang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2025-08-07T13:21:10Z","title":"Voltage Support Procurement in Transmission Grids: Incentive Design via Online Bilevel Games"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.05378","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e13af6fdafc17f889b110c3a6c8654b373e6079839c31915dd6b3c0de3b7127a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c966c5fb3fa069a15f282845bae36e3f86e0b0d1c9f41bf51972ebdb26cf4114","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2025-08-07T13:21:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"905a90b02acbac447d6120049000ae2b9ca2b288cd0d3698322a32dd9fa3e465"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.05378","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"aeaec718b59b8270175c0c4be6912d13b0689168f468dd46cfd677c9ff0b1644","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"aeaec718b59b8270175c0c4be6912d13b0689168f468dd46cfd677c9ff0b1644","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23.430263Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23.430263Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"UD2naZIzGBBCfuie9NLSYzJY+r9Z5NXDm9M+A5F3BHACK61AO0eKUWZ0fS3z2mT6xidfZNQcd7ss0NSrJjWHAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:23.430766Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2508.05378","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e13af6fdafc17f889b110c3a6c8654b373e6079839c31915dd6b3c0de3b7127a","sha256:e8973209e8515cf6c6fa8a25cba7bbb74242e73d7ace2c3c30c67312e3f4574d"],"state_sha256":"82d66f7bd4002c98ca58c5b0dfba312751c3c24ed80a69657034200f51e7848c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YkhT1S4MQbnh+k3Wbx/KIsjtWaUo/J8uWSjDL4AFCrQZ8AksBKfQVJ1X1cRGhIRkItWMFslS7zkFPBuZuAygDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T11:41:44.206291Z","bundle_sha256":"194d0974f44c224319cd483729973774ed612318b16216d080f83a42028d2243"}}