{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:V33XH6ISNXPJEZT7FY4TWNKPMA","short_pith_number":"pith:V33XH6IS","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1807.01134","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-07-03T12:57:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"f91f21ff2ee7832bf826bf3b34d592a8c6d99a6d16a7d711e389952699a84af8","abstract_canon_sha256":"3d06c3aa22abd062eda8527e6a3821296fa72e86b47b63442a3853c0962401b3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"aef773f9126dde92667f2e393b354f6008fd7333b05a4c47fce29224fcecc977","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1807.01134","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1807.01134","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1807.01134v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1807.01134","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V33XH6ISNXPJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V33XH6ISNXPJEZT7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V33XH6IS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:V33XH6ISNXPJEZT7FY4TWNKPMA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1807.01134","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-07-03T12:57:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"f91f21ff2ee7832bf826bf3b34d592a8c6d99a6d16a7d711e389952699a84af8","abstract_canon_sha256":"3d06c3aa22abd062eda8527e6a3821296fa72e86b47b63442a3853c0962401b3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"aef773f9126dde92667f2e393b354f6008fd7333b05a4c47fce29224fcecc977","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:45.212511Z","signature_b64":"0M9kQvhptRchGixBHOxxoEksHZ5nutX7hGGVGwndgk6ijqdSyFFUXt88oKfceP+Uix0lQFr7O+mY9cm7t1VvDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"aef773f9126dde92667f2e393b354f6008fd7333b05a4c47fce29224fcecc977","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:45.211807Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:45.211807Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1807.01134","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qBaRmHFtOvDempYYRyFSz6rTo3VgclOl1NC8q9p12a3p/0gCDq1K+1mOXRqOWyc6XtIq3rUJUWNSrDjS1/1RBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T23:26:48.298870Z"},"content_sha256":"625c5d5aa67f87a55395e8dc47c33ed0f75a543535761d425a0256d7a6223fb7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:625c5d5aa67f87a55395e8dc47c33ed0f75a543535761d425a0256d7a6223fb7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:V33XH6ISNXPJEZT7FY4TWNKPMA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Welfare and Distributional Impacts of Fair Classification","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Lily Hu, Yiling Chen","submitted_at":"2018-07-03T12:57:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"Current methodologies in machine learning analyze the effects of various statistical parity notions of fairness primarily in light of their impacts on predictive accuracy and vendor utility loss. In this paper, we propose a new framework for interpreting the effects of fairness criteria by converting the constrained loss minimization problem into a social welfare maximization problem. This translation moves a classifier and its output into utility space where individuals, groups, and society at-large experience different welfare changes due to classification assignments. Under this characteriz"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1807.01134","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rouhxXDlNU6XJqCMjBCTQiPV5sNspg9U0bEVqDsM65PhS1wXRt6d84rkZF7JjE3N4P1Gd+CDanp+IIY+Lt5yDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T23:26:48.299239Z"},"content_sha256":"39405e64a6760b660eec9a770f40173edeb065de09eb1c6e8cec2895400f72ba","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:39405e64a6760b660eec9a770f40173edeb065de09eb1c6e8cec2895400f72ba"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V33XH6ISNXPJEZT7FY4TWNKPMA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V33XH6ISNXPJEZT7FY4TWNKPMA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V33XH6ISNXPJEZT7FY4TWNKPMA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T23:26:48Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/V33XH6ISNXPJEZT7FY4TWNKPMA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/V33XH6ISNXPJEZT7FY4TWNKPMA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/V33XH6ISNXPJEZT7FY4TWNKPMA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V33XH6ISNXPJEZT7FY4TWNKPMA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:V33XH6ISNXPJEZT7FY4TWNKPMA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3d06c3aa22abd062eda8527e6a3821296fa72e86b47b63442a3853c0962401b3","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-07-03T12:57:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"f91f21ff2ee7832bf826bf3b34d592a8c6d99a6d16a7d711e389952699a84af8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1807.01134","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1807.01134","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1807.01134v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1807.01134","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V33XH6ISNXPJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V33XH6ISNXPJEZT7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V33XH6IS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:39405e64a6760b660eec9a770f40173edeb065de09eb1c6e8cec2895400f72ba","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Current methodologies in machine learning analyze the effects of various statistical parity notions of fairness primarily in light of their impacts on predictive accuracy and vendor utility loss. In this paper, we propose a new framework for interpreting the effects of fairness criteria by converting the constrained loss minimization problem into a social welfare maximization problem. This translation moves a classifier and its output into utility space where individuals, groups, and society at-large experience different welfare changes due to classification assignments. Under this characteriz","authors_text":"Lily Hu, Yiling Chen","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-07-03T12:57:59Z","title":"Welfare and Distributional Impacts of Fair Classification"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1807.01134","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:625c5d5aa67f87a55395e8dc47c33ed0f75a543535761d425a0256d7a6223fb7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3d06c3aa22abd062eda8527e6a3821296fa72e86b47b63442a3853c0962401b3","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-07-03T12:57:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"f91f21ff2ee7832bf826bf3b34d592a8c6d99a6d16a7d711e389952699a84af8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1807.01134","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"aef773f9126dde92667f2e393b354f6008fd7333b05a4c47fce29224fcecc977","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"aef773f9126dde92667f2e393b354f6008fd7333b05a4c47fce29224fcecc977","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:45.211807Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:45.211807Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"0M9kQvhptRchGixBHOxxoEksHZ5nutX7hGGVGwndgk6ijqdSyFFUXt88oKfceP+Uix0lQFr7O+mY9cm7t1VvDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:45.212511Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1807.01134","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:625c5d5aa67f87a55395e8dc47c33ed0f75a543535761d425a0256d7a6223fb7","sha256:39405e64a6760b660eec9a770f40173edeb065de09eb1c6e8cec2895400f72ba"],"state_sha256":"f25d7f0da03508276849f35bf2cfdc20d6bea2898051a9cacd7874f6941374a3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tWgWnFR+fbRZwDtFIpymrzKoVFJVVqqoXBrKynt65vQ43kPQiSx9tUS3pzjL4kETitIV9Pvld0Pz/FCm0kJOBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T23:26:48.301535Z","bundle_sha256":"627cd59edeec82725587d6397f906f3d1bbdd56931c295838804de34ce2179ac"}}