{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:1999:V3W4IV4C32NA6TWYC4LDVN3HGT","short_pith_number":"pith:V3W4IV4C","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"aeedc45782de9a0f4ed817163ab76734ff897595a60714325853b59090a6e1ef","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/9901322","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"An Astrophysical Explanation for the Great Silence","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"James Annis","submitted_at":"1999-01-22T20:34:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"An astrophysical model is proposed to answer Fermi's question. Gamma-ray bursts have the correct rates of occurrence and plausibly the correct energetics to have consequences for the evolution of life on a galactic scale. If one assumes that they are in fact lethal to land based life throughout the galaxy, one has a mechanism that prevents the rise of intelligence until the mean time between bursts is comparable to the timescale for the evolution of intelligence. Astrophysically plausible models suggest the present mean time between bursts to be $\\sim 10^8$ years, and evolutionarily plausible "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9901322","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-01-22T20:34:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"009f190c14175159476bef8d692f7a71cf8e66b2e6667afc9e2d02c17c47551f","abstract_canon_sha256":"02f5bf3e7af05a8813864917de0811953e38c0b1738fde1ca29635a6d4cfb52b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T14:16:31.013902Z","signature_b64":"F42SAKCbpyJGvd+BRRmjetJSuf8CkmjzT7zebwwNi3IGYRzfztDJ0vQx5l9rprLo/Pi+SDOP0GoIqrUTmBv/Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"aeedc45782de9a0f4ed817163ab76734ff897595a60714325853b59090a6e1ef","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T14:16:31.013445Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T14:16:31.013445Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An Astrophysical Explanation for the Great Silence","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"James Annis","submitted_at":"1999-01-22T20:34:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"An astrophysical model is proposed to answer Fermi's question. Gamma-ray bursts have the correct rates of occurrence and plausibly the correct energetics to have consequences for the evolution of life on a galactic scale. If one assumes that they are in fact lethal to land based life throughout the galaxy, one has a mechanism that prevents the rise of intelligence until the mean time between bursts is comparable to the timescale for the evolution of intelligence. Astrophysically plausible models suggest the present mean time between bursts to be $\\sim 10^8$ years, and evolutionarily plausible "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9901322","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/9901322/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9901322","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:16:31.013502+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9901322v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:16:31.013502+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9901322","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:16:31.013502+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V3W4IV4C32NA","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:16:31.013502+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V3W4IV4C32NA6TWY","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:16:31.013502+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V3W4IV4C","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:16:31.013502+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":1,"internal_anchor_count":1,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2412.05002","citing_title":"Eta-Earth Revisited II: Deriving a Maximum Number of Earth-like Habitats in the Galactic Disk","ref_index":30,"is_internal_anchor":true}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/V3W4IV4C32NA6TWYC4LDVN3HGT","json":"https://pith.science/pith/V3W4IV4C32NA6TWYC4LDVN3HGT.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/V3W4IV4C32NA6TWYC4LDVN3HGT/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/V3W4IV4C32NA6TWYC4LDVN3HGT/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/V3W4IV4C"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/V3W4IV4C32NA6TWYC4LDVN3HGT","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/V3W4IV4C32NA6TWYC4LDVN3HGT.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/V3W4IV4C","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=astro-ph/9901322&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/V3W4IV4C32NA6TWYC4LDVN3HGT/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/V3W4IV4C32NA6TWYC4LDVN3HGT/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/V3W4IV4C32NA6TWYC4LDVN3HGT/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/V3W4IV4C32NA6TWYC4LDVN3HGT/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/V3W4IV4C32NA6TWYC4LDVN3HGT/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/V3W4IV4C32NA6TWYC4LDVN3HGT/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/V3W4IV4C32NA6TWYC4LDVN3HGT/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-04T14:16:31.013502+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-04T14:16:31.013502+00:00"}