{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:V3ZWWQGOXES3JLS2GLZKPO7OUB","short_pith_number":"pith:V3ZWWQGO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.08771","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2018-12-20T18:53:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"768a707d24a1c1f623790ab2df1c02243252735d8dc240b39a6c3426a57a95a2","abstract_canon_sha256":"af70991efd42ad10a578ff58454b1decb04cde28df370f6c525cabac9323a939"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"aef36b40ceb925b4ae5a32f2a7bbeea0431e5f1c9b75f7f8a2b7771e6d4b323b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1812.08771","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.08771","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.08771v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.08771","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V3ZWWQGOXES3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V3ZWWQGOXES3JLS2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V3ZWWQGO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:V3ZWWQGOXES3JLS2GLZKPO7OUB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.08771","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2018-12-20T18:53:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"768a707d24a1c1f623790ab2df1c02243252735d8dc240b39a6c3426a57a95a2","abstract_canon_sha256":"af70991efd42ad10a578ff58454b1decb04cde28df370f6c525cabac9323a939"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"aef36b40ceb925b4ae5a32f2a7bbeea0431e5f1c9b75f7f8a2b7771e6d4b323b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:30.485600Z","signature_b64":"XkyOIrQmf52CoFg5KwrO3r+eDTz5Mw45ilpJvAk8R+DgwucPdzek876MdUZ/buQIEp0DwtYeSB4YGx+iziV5Dg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"aef36b40ceb925b4ae5a32f2a7bbeea0431e5f1c9b75f7f8a2b7771e6d4b323b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:30.485161Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:30.485161Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1812.08771","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2XoQlHE4yX9g3P6O/8cfpXNL0a78/vXnVtTLopDt+i7x/84ruI6yQ/t5zhXK0Q60gzWscF+uai7MswMpWwzuDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T12:55:21.817396Z"},"content_sha256":"a447d5375e1ab07807c04dbd44be00bee26621311cca9bb8e626bc7442ee9ee0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a447d5375e1ab07807c04dbd44be00bee26621311cca9bb8e626bc7442ee9ee0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:V3ZWWQGOXES3JLS2GLZKPO7OUB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Shape Theory. III. Comparative Theory of Backgound Independence","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Edward Anderson","submitted_at":"2018-12-20T18:53:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"Background Independence is the modern form of the relational side of the Absolute versus Relational Debate. Difficulties with its implementation form the Problem of Time. Its 9 facets - Isham and Kucha\\v{r}'s conceptual classification - correspond to 9 aspects of Background Independence as per the Author's classical-or-quantum theory-independent upgrade. 8 are local. The most significant arena for these is brackets algebra, the first 5 involving canonical constraints as follows. 1) Handling instantaneous gauge invariance. 2) Resolving its apparent timelessness. 3) Closure of 1-2)'s constraints"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.08771","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"n4YsGm6BfchocMIBWe4lbrgqfj++pM0rtj0LDQTDgzT7x/UCsGfYx/KmNbHPU/BNB4nuFB8GweEKh/j4HCvxBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T12:55:21.818011Z"},"content_sha256":"591625842379a5416aa1c45c0722f8a5123a438b56f73d9f6086b91cff88f782","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:591625842379a5416aa1c45c0722f8a5123a438b56f73d9f6086b91cff88f782"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V3ZWWQGOXES3JLS2GLZKPO7OUB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V3ZWWQGOXES3JLS2GLZKPO7OUB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V3ZWWQGOXES3JLS2GLZKPO7OUB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T12:55:21Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/V3ZWWQGOXES3JLS2GLZKPO7OUB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/V3ZWWQGOXES3JLS2GLZKPO7OUB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/V3ZWWQGOXES3JLS2GLZKPO7OUB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V3ZWWQGOXES3JLS2GLZKPO7OUB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:V3ZWWQGOXES3JLS2GLZKPO7OUB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"af70991efd42ad10a578ff58454b1decb04cde28df370f6c525cabac9323a939","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2018-12-20T18:53:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"768a707d24a1c1f623790ab2df1c02243252735d8dc240b39a6c3426a57a95a2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.08771","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.08771","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.08771v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.08771","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V3ZWWQGOXES3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V3ZWWQGOXES3JLS2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V3ZWWQGO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:591625842379a5416aa1c45c0722f8a5123a438b56f73d9f6086b91cff88f782","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Background Independence is the modern form of the relational side of the Absolute versus Relational Debate. Difficulties with its implementation form the Problem of Time. Its 9 facets - Isham and Kucha\\v{r}'s conceptual classification - correspond to 9 aspects of Background Independence as per the Author's classical-or-quantum theory-independent upgrade. 8 are local. The most significant arena for these is brackets algebra, the first 5 involving canonical constraints as follows. 1) Handling instantaneous gauge invariance. 2) Resolving its apparent timelessness. 3) Closure of 1-2)'s constraints","authors_text":"Edward Anderson","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2018-12-20T18:53:30Z","title":"Shape Theory. III. Comparative Theory of Backgound Independence"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.08771","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a447d5375e1ab07807c04dbd44be00bee26621311cca9bb8e626bc7442ee9ee0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"af70991efd42ad10a578ff58454b1decb04cde28df370f6c525cabac9323a939","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2018-12-20T18:53:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"768a707d24a1c1f623790ab2df1c02243252735d8dc240b39a6c3426a57a95a2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.08771","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"aef36b40ceb925b4ae5a32f2a7bbeea0431e5f1c9b75f7f8a2b7771e6d4b323b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"aef36b40ceb925b4ae5a32f2a7bbeea0431e5f1c9b75f7f8a2b7771e6d4b323b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:30.485161Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:30.485161Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"XkyOIrQmf52CoFg5KwrO3r+eDTz5Mw45ilpJvAk8R+DgwucPdzek876MdUZ/buQIEp0DwtYeSB4YGx+iziV5Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:30.485600Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1812.08771","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a447d5375e1ab07807c04dbd44be00bee26621311cca9bb8e626bc7442ee9ee0","sha256:591625842379a5416aa1c45c0722f8a5123a438b56f73d9f6086b91cff88f782"],"state_sha256":"7640127e656ee77f5e798358769645af5c6914608ed460a853b973b88f7e6598"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sJdjyiUFys4I5DX5clfgnUmvkuzjL5Flhxr12pBylXK0HWbcDAEo7E+AX1ZN+PR3mq/2JusfhvPLkfOgoKKTBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T12:55:21.821369Z","bundle_sha256":"88ddaa86dd5c51346c3bfd30acf0a6aae525c95210ab160a553758585251f6c4"}}