{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:V4QZNE6AWB2BJ2HEIWIAECJLGV","short_pith_number":"pith:V4QZNE6A","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1404.6434","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2014-04-25T14:38:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"69c6ef5f25567a60074a773ad7f6a8f5e13a29255cd88dd6b2205d452aa9357a","abstract_canon_sha256":"15b69b47b516b775783ffeb7ddd6147122d2145bffb61afe46d1e1b92847d7b2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"af219693c0b07414e8e4459002092b354a3031f8f9480c8fab729e85bec83652","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1404.6434","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1404.6434","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1404.6434v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1404.6434","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V4QZNE6AWB2B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V4QZNE6AWB2BJ2HE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V4QZNE6A","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:V4QZNE6AWB2BJ2HEIWIAECJLGV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1404.6434","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2014-04-25T14:38:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"69c6ef5f25567a60074a773ad7f6a8f5e13a29255cd88dd6b2205d452aa9357a","abstract_canon_sha256":"15b69b47b516b775783ffeb7ddd6147122d2145bffb61afe46d1e1b92847d7b2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"af219693c0b07414e8e4459002092b354a3031f8f9480c8fab729e85bec83652","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:23.261378Z","signature_b64":"qSG5AtP+fZNq9sKjlJRGkwPYhzIRbp24m4v4v02kf76gOln95/2P2JaoQBzWu3IlyLyB7lBNcp7A3rmd2WYGBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"af219693c0b07414e8e4459002092b354a3031f8f9480c8fab729e85bec83652","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:23.260753Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:23.260753Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1404.6434","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GM9B6gk4OVtsBoeS89hjBQX3/n9hrVX0FOuM0aTIq+owEUuKdVf2130AcxObL44SLpYgLODCutmNqj+S0wtzDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T13:03:24.986071Z"},"content_sha256":"b1f2786536ec8225e3d7775285cc6f673d86602b0ed4278819964f6a488932ea","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b1f2786536ec8225e3d7775285cc6f673d86602b0ed4278819964f6a488932ea"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:V4QZNE6AWB2BJ2HEIWIAECJLGV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Extreme CII emission in type 2 quasars at z~2.5: a signature of kappa-distributed electron energies?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Andrew Humphrey, Luc Binette","submitted_at":"2014-04-25T14:38:22Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the flux ratio between the 1335 A and 2326 A lines of singly ionized carbon in the extended narrow line regions of type 2 quasars at z~2.5. We find the observed CII 1335 / CII] 2326 flux ratio, which is not sensitive to the C/H abundance ratio, to be often several times higher than predicted by the canonical AGN photoionization models that use solar metallicity and a Maxwell-Boltzmann electron energy distribution. We study several potential solutions for this discrepancy: low gas metallicity, shock ionization, continuum fluorescence, and kappa-distributed electron energies. Alth"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1404.6434","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qQa78/E0V7fn3Mg6Fz8FkjQnmycNi8rfyJvxz0NsFE2C6Cr9nD38gsL5EPSyIi1Ub96plJVwQhvus/RJE9+yAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T13:03:24.986735Z"},"content_sha256":"ef07fb37d35e09670cbd3632fdff6cc2cf2ff03b953b66bafbe7d3fcf9280d85","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ef07fb37d35e09670cbd3632fdff6cc2cf2ff03b953b66bafbe7d3fcf9280d85"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V4QZNE6AWB2BJ2HEIWIAECJLGV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V4QZNE6AWB2BJ2HEIWIAECJLGV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V4QZNE6AWB2BJ2HEIWIAECJLGV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T13:03:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/V4QZNE6AWB2BJ2HEIWIAECJLGV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/V4QZNE6AWB2BJ2HEIWIAECJLGV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/V4QZNE6AWB2BJ2HEIWIAECJLGV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V4QZNE6AWB2BJ2HEIWIAECJLGV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:V4QZNE6AWB2BJ2HEIWIAECJLGV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"15b69b47b516b775783ffeb7ddd6147122d2145bffb61afe46d1e1b92847d7b2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2014-04-25T14:38:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"69c6ef5f25567a60074a773ad7f6a8f5e13a29255cd88dd6b2205d452aa9357a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1404.6434","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1404.6434","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1404.6434v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1404.6434","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V4QZNE6AWB2B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V4QZNE6AWB2BJ2HE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V4QZNE6A","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ef07fb37d35e09670cbd3632fdff6cc2cf2ff03b953b66bafbe7d3fcf9280d85","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the flux ratio between the 1335 A and 2326 A lines of singly ionized carbon in the extended narrow line regions of type 2 quasars at z~2.5. We find the observed CII 1335 / CII] 2326 flux ratio, which is not sensitive to the C/H abundance ratio, to be often several times higher than predicted by the canonical AGN photoionization models that use solar metallicity and a Maxwell-Boltzmann electron energy distribution. We study several potential solutions for this discrepancy: low gas metallicity, shock ionization, continuum fluorescence, and kappa-distributed electron energies. Alth","authors_text":"Andrew Humphrey, Luc Binette","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2014-04-25T14:38:22Z","title":"Extreme CII emission in type 2 quasars at z~2.5: a signature of kappa-distributed electron energies?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1404.6434","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b1f2786536ec8225e3d7775285cc6f673d86602b0ed4278819964f6a488932ea","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"15b69b47b516b775783ffeb7ddd6147122d2145bffb61afe46d1e1b92847d7b2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2014-04-25T14:38:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"69c6ef5f25567a60074a773ad7f6a8f5e13a29255cd88dd6b2205d452aa9357a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1404.6434","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"af219693c0b07414e8e4459002092b354a3031f8f9480c8fab729e85bec83652","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"af219693c0b07414e8e4459002092b354a3031f8f9480c8fab729e85bec83652","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:23.260753Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:23.260753Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"qSG5AtP+fZNq9sKjlJRGkwPYhzIRbp24m4v4v02kf76gOln95/2P2JaoQBzWu3IlyLyB7lBNcp7A3rmd2WYGBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:23.261378Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1404.6434","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b1f2786536ec8225e3d7775285cc6f673d86602b0ed4278819964f6a488932ea","sha256:ef07fb37d35e09670cbd3632fdff6cc2cf2ff03b953b66bafbe7d3fcf9280d85"],"state_sha256":"7b97a3e438e5d4d309cde3894f3a8c3e67133e51820d572b6dfa62e4ecffdc44"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5RgrT2189mxwPMsUEUkIyOwkGzTz7hg4s1pihTyTtBHGkhtHV1NggGX3Xye/z0Hb1J9929drr4y6I55It69ICg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T13:03:24.992420Z","bundle_sha256":"8c74bf0abd572d5aadaab82e012436780c19ecda446e2463e49d6ee3a9adcc17"}}