{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:V4Y6354JB4NEUMGEC2YDAJNUYW","short_pith_number":"pith:V4Y6354J","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.11399","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.TH","submitted_at":"2021-10-21T18:27:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ad9f9dba913f5b29f0aca87c156f5dd2d7e9fcfbad3cfa6fdd18e081270d07f4","abstract_canon_sha256":"293d61dd752745c92988fdb0fc181aaab9801dc8e07057b91e838147a27f8829"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"af31edf7890f1a4a30c416b03025b4c5a8c35073bcde968f3bf2de674f8d46a1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2110.11399","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.11399","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.11399v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.11399","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V4Y6354JB4NE","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V4Y6354JB4NEUMGE","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V4Y6354J","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:V4Y6354JB4NEUMGEC2YDAJNUYW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.11399","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.TH","submitted_at":"2021-10-21T18:27:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ad9f9dba913f5b29f0aca87c156f5dd2d7e9fcfbad3cfa6fdd18e081270d07f4","abstract_canon_sha256":"293d61dd752745c92988fdb0fc181aaab9801dc8e07057b91e838147a27f8829"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"af31edf7890f1a4a30c416b03025b4c5a8c35073bcde968f3bf2de674f8d46a1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46.536211Z","signature_b64":"zFucorKQLAxIE7cWfYJp5+3/AsSu8zkZQV6lsFoyEG89NUGl3mPQp3wbXFXaDTR4P/C232k+ETc+3xuval8XBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"af31edf7890f1a4a30c416b03025b4c5a8c35073bcde968f3bf2de674f8d46a1","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46.535677Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46.535677Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2110.11399","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xbep4JO/7svx0oF+PMEuzBigzQyuthjUJGgUs7+vhvX3qSVxjAqqSksKzVrVuuxFexsIiTGtrXruHXdRz4cKBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T13:53:53.851394Z"},"content_sha256":"eb6179ed5d5b3475f1f6e2a9c345957c3244d7bb98b8fff9622ab338555fcc4e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:eb6179ed5d5b3475f1f6e2a9c345957c3244d7bb98b8fff9622ab338555fcc4e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:V4Y6354JB4NEUMGEC2YDAJNUYW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Algebraic Properties of Blackwell's Order and A Cardinal Measure of Informativeness","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"econ.TH","authors_text":"Andrew Kosenko","submitted_at":"2021-10-21T18:27:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"I establish a translation invariance property of the Blackwell order over experiments, show that garbling experiments bring them closer together, and use these facts to define a cardinal measure of informativeness. Experiment $A$ is inf-norm more informative (INMI) than experiment $B$ if the infinity norm of the difference between a perfectly informative structure and $A$ is less than the corresponding difference for $B$. The better experiment is \"closer\" to the fully revealing experiment; distance from the identity matrix is interpreted as a measure of informativeness. This measure coincides "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.11399","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2110.11399/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+r3NlYy0+1dbt0ytBSFVnedrWEMM7S3lhg6QrlB0fxB0GP+llXujCyppck4G7zZyqWxuOjVMvhzmt9pIPFnfDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T13:53:53.851946Z"},"content_sha256":"d8afe087afd72c45eeea79180e56f9be4fb915dce0b36d9902521e42d978a342","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d8afe087afd72c45eeea79180e56f9be4fb915dce0b36d9902521e42d978a342"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V4Y6354JB4NEUMGEC2YDAJNUYW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V4Y6354JB4NEUMGEC2YDAJNUYW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V4Y6354JB4NEUMGEC2YDAJNUYW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-11T13:53:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/V4Y6354JB4NEUMGEC2YDAJNUYW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/V4Y6354JB4NEUMGEC2YDAJNUYW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/V4Y6354JB4NEUMGEC2YDAJNUYW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V4Y6354JB4NEUMGEC2YDAJNUYW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:V4Y6354JB4NEUMGEC2YDAJNUYW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"293d61dd752745c92988fdb0fc181aaab9801dc8e07057b91e838147a27f8829","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.TH","submitted_at":"2021-10-21T18:27:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"ad9f9dba913f5b29f0aca87c156f5dd2d7e9fcfbad3cfa6fdd18e081270d07f4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.11399","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.11399","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.11399v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.11399","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V4Y6354JB4NE","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V4Y6354JB4NEUMGE","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V4Y6354J","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d8afe087afd72c45eeea79180e56f9be4fb915dce0b36d9902521e42d978a342","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2110.11399/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"I establish a translation invariance property of the Blackwell order over experiments, show that garbling experiments bring them closer together, and use these facts to define a cardinal measure of informativeness. Experiment $A$ is inf-norm more informative (INMI) than experiment $B$ if the infinity norm of the difference between a perfectly informative structure and $A$ is less than the corresponding difference for $B$. The better experiment is \"closer\" to the fully revealing experiment; distance from the identity matrix is interpreted as a measure of informativeness. This measure coincides ","authors_text":"Andrew Kosenko","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.TH","submitted_at":"2021-10-21T18:27:21Z","title":"Algebraic Properties of Blackwell's Order and A Cardinal Measure of Informativeness"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.11399","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:eb6179ed5d5b3475f1f6e2a9c345957c3244d7bb98b8fff9622ab338555fcc4e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"293d61dd752745c92988fdb0fc181aaab9801dc8e07057b91e838147a27f8829","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.TH","submitted_at":"2021-10-21T18:27:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"ad9f9dba913f5b29f0aca87c156f5dd2d7e9fcfbad3cfa6fdd18e081270d07f4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.11399","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"af31edf7890f1a4a30c416b03025b4c5a8c35073bcde968f3bf2de674f8d46a1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"af31edf7890f1a4a30c416b03025b4c5a8c35073bcde968f3bf2de674f8d46a1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46.535677Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46.535677Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"zFucorKQLAxIE7cWfYJp5+3/AsSu8zkZQV6lsFoyEG89NUGl3mPQp3wbXFXaDTR4P/C232k+ETc+3xuval8XBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:46.536211Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2110.11399","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:eb6179ed5d5b3475f1f6e2a9c345957c3244d7bb98b8fff9622ab338555fcc4e","sha256:d8afe087afd72c45eeea79180e56f9be4fb915dce0b36d9902521e42d978a342"],"state_sha256":"8cb2bab830b4d0b344f8edf63772c54c71ad8673a6124da09a1c3976b438dfa2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"54w7fYLV0pdQN8TJMHjYzwUbISw+gbFJGHvQRSYeXhaBqCjy16FZd5HnQvKhanEM549eMmuRtsjkKN/gTGkRAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T13:53:53.857266Z","bundle_sha256":"a4974eb894467d5a7a77134ae9e3b2fe3917f0c91347af658a418697ff567828"}}