{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:V5HWEIT26LGTMA6ZJVVFGTJTBZ","short_pith_number":"pith:V5HWEIT2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.18157","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2025-08-25T16:02:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"05db7d1169a8b08fb2d13d822dcc7f8152a391e1514feac09aaaa6d67517edf4","abstract_canon_sha256":"64c1cd601ae35638c1ee4ff8747ded1da56e3b9258062a67bd4e665108c560b0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"af4f62227af2cd3603d94d6a534d330e48afff660822a9a3a03275366ea774a9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2508.18157","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.18157","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.18157v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.18157","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V5HWEIT26LGT","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V5HWEIT26LGTMA6Z","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V5HWEIT2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:V5HWEIT26LGTMA6ZJVVFGTJTBZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.18157","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2025-08-25T16:02:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"05db7d1169a8b08fb2d13d822dcc7f8152a391e1514feac09aaaa6d67517edf4","abstract_canon_sha256":"64c1cd601ae35638c1ee4ff8747ded1da56e3b9258062a67bd4e665108c560b0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"af4f62227af2cd3603d94d6a534d330e48afff660822a9a3a03275366ea774a9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54.640898Z","signature_b64":"qDzdR+CyToo0okyWbhaSm3CG5itdvr1tR0yKcd6FJemSPrmbA25tRLWd6D16/5yI1QFciBlRJQaOc3YLEnu0Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"af4f62227af2cd3603d94d6a534d330e48afff660822a9a3a03275366ea774a9","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54.640442Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54.640442Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2508.18157","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Lw7g9Nig8oKhzfqBhETlaj0PVG6JmRCmJoIJR7FNm4LbxYozdadaV5PiIDsaatZMTb2ys+ALSBdeoytGVmbXAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T21:41:13.753687Z"},"content_sha256":"548eb2c91d677c5aa48fefb7abe4cd0b2b30f2e57d1c26ca308086d7645447d3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:548eb2c91d677c5aa48fefb7abe4cd0b2b30f2e57d1c26ca308086d7645447d3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:V5HWEIT26LGTMA6ZJVVFGTJTBZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Matching-Based Nonparametric Estimation of Group Average Treatment Effects","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Pengtao Zeng, Peng Wu, Shaojie Wei, Zhaoqing Tian","submitted_at":"2025-08-25T16:02:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"Heterogeneous treatment effects, which vary according to individual covariates, are crucial in fields such as personalized medicine and tailored treatment strategies. In many applications, rather than considering the heterogeneity induced by all covariates, practitioners focus on a few key covariates to develop tailored treatment decisions. Based on this, we aim to estimate the group average treatment effects (GATEs), which represent heterogeneous treatment effects across subpopulations defined by certain key covariates. Previous strategies for estimating GATEs, such as weighting-based and reg"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.18157","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2508.18157/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RDIEMP9AdRUXjXWevdvDo2JlLtISs4jooXGbmozWEQ7RNBBOoHkMp3d2lhD6KABmAth98lkCnfPXfWJFwDDAAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T21:41:13.754529Z"},"content_sha256":"f5740fc427408f44a41558dda68f476a468a500373a312401597635ce16b6ee1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f5740fc427408f44a41558dda68f476a468a500373a312401597635ce16b6ee1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V5HWEIT26LGTMA6ZJVVFGTJTBZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V5HWEIT26LGTMA6ZJVVFGTJTBZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V5HWEIT26LGTMA6ZJVVFGTJTBZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T21:41:13Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/V5HWEIT26LGTMA6ZJVVFGTJTBZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/V5HWEIT26LGTMA6ZJVVFGTJTBZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/V5HWEIT26LGTMA6ZJVVFGTJTBZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V5HWEIT26LGTMA6ZJVVFGTJTBZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:V5HWEIT26LGTMA6ZJVVFGTJTBZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"64c1cd601ae35638c1ee4ff8747ded1da56e3b9258062a67bd4e665108c560b0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2025-08-25T16:02:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"05db7d1169a8b08fb2d13d822dcc7f8152a391e1514feac09aaaa6d67517edf4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.18157","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.18157","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.18157v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.18157","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V5HWEIT26LGT","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V5HWEIT26LGTMA6Z","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V5HWEIT2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f5740fc427408f44a41558dda68f476a468a500373a312401597635ce16b6ee1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2508.18157/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Heterogeneous treatment effects, which vary according to individual covariates, are crucial in fields such as personalized medicine and tailored treatment strategies. In many applications, rather than considering the heterogeneity induced by all covariates, practitioners focus on a few key covariates to develop tailored treatment decisions. Based on this, we aim to estimate the group average treatment effects (GATEs), which represent heterogeneous treatment effects across subpopulations defined by certain key covariates. Previous strategies for estimating GATEs, such as weighting-based and reg","authors_text":"Pengtao Zeng, Peng Wu, Shaojie Wei, Zhaoqing Tian","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2025-08-25T16:02:28Z","title":"Matching-Based Nonparametric Estimation of Group Average Treatment Effects"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.18157","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:548eb2c91d677c5aa48fefb7abe4cd0b2b30f2e57d1c26ca308086d7645447d3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"64c1cd601ae35638c1ee4ff8747ded1da56e3b9258062a67bd4e665108c560b0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2025-08-25T16:02:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"05db7d1169a8b08fb2d13d822dcc7f8152a391e1514feac09aaaa6d67517edf4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.18157","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"af4f62227af2cd3603d94d6a534d330e48afff660822a9a3a03275366ea774a9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"af4f62227af2cd3603d94d6a534d330e48afff660822a9a3a03275366ea774a9","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54.640442Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54.640442Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"qDzdR+CyToo0okyWbhaSm3CG5itdvr1tR0yKcd6FJemSPrmbA25tRLWd6D16/5yI1QFciBlRJQaOc3YLEnu0Ag==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:58:54.640898Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2508.18157","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:548eb2c91d677c5aa48fefb7abe4cd0b2b30f2e57d1c26ca308086d7645447d3","sha256:f5740fc427408f44a41558dda68f476a468a500373a312401597635ce16b6ee1"],"state_sha256":"4fffc1facaeee2882145e9bf7e0040e5ac58a4a5c00627b859b6e71711edb9a1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Ljib8Q80KhMPGoHIKz3uBSnpT/k2v9Z72avp/QTQLILqy4KUbDNZDhOZL6OKhcndBTi745zDqVh4ubuGThDHAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T21:41:13.766422Z","bundle_sha256":"80ecb3ca696ef82e11f56fe7667b919b1a1f2f10348b169875cd296cc0ede431"}}