{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:V5V3KO5H4L73J62PGKW5Y5QDLQ","short_pith_number":"pith:V5V3KO5H","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.09227","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-10T20:30:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"8353df75864aee1852fef60d7d9d866fe532ebcf0baf29b769dba25f44314ff1","abstract_canon_sha256":"f8fdfd274c246e3235ca0d2e1f850bfdc8439a0811cd450a1f2a65969760e295"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"af6bb53ba7e2ffb4fb4f32addc76035c0f76612c117902b959e6b32ee64d48bb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2506.09227","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.09227","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.09227v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.09227","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V5V3KO5H4L73","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V5V3KO5H4L73J62P","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V5V3KO5H","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:V5V3KO5H4L73J62PGKW5Y5QDLQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.09227","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-10T20:30:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"8353df75864aee1852fef60d7d9d866fe532ebcf0baf29b769dba25f44314ff1","abstract_canon_sha256":"f8fdfd274c246e3235ca0d2e1f850bfdc8439a0811cd450a1f2a65969760e295"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"af6bb53ba7e2ffb4fb4f32addc76035c0f76612c117902b959e6b32ee64d48bb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33.399725Z","signature_b64":"QZ/nouQ1E+buMbcO8ntJdDwrhHxyqVY7kSWahetGdvynr7jp9Ub6uXE+zPUfCkVYdX8Rn8oBF+84FMBGrfcBAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"af6bb53ba7e2ffb4fb4f32addc76035c0f76612c117902b959e6b32ee64d48bb","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33.399231Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33.399231Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2506.09227","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0yC+QGi9mJKzP/oTJPsztp9+11VSi64d1eRUhJroQtJ2cTCDvNF/4sf2lEApTvO4CwIF66pJyLBY1j+A+/ylBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T09:12:22.749503Z"},"content_sha256":"4695e5cf7a66a00d5e5f2fc5a9d51a46ac14db9883b04f14b61f8965fdf88a75","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4695e5cf7a66a00d5e5f2fc5a9d51a46ac14db9883b04f14b61f8965fdf88a75"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:V5V3KO5H4L73J62PGKW5Y5QDLQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"SoK: Machine Unlearning for Large Language Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Charu C. Aggarwal, Hui Liu, Jie Ren, Yingqian Cui, Yue Xing","submitted_at":"2025-06-10T20:30:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large language model (LLM) unlearning has become a critical topic in machine learning, aiming to eliminate the influence of specific training data or knowledge without retraining the model from scratch. A variety of techniques have been proposed, including Gradient Ascent, model editing, and re-steering hidden representations. While existing surveys often organize these methods by their technical characteristics, such classifications tend to overlook a more fundamental dimension: the underlying intention of unlearning--whether it seeks to truly remove internal knowledge or merely suppress its "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.09227","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2506.09227/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hDBfKv6Na1RA40QaP63xPWEC13Dd/jjtwpc8i6PDErdfUoZMa7uW1UrbWlibGqTgJvH/3plednSu05Dq/q66DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T09:12:22.750392Z"},"content_sha256":"09ec9712118c688ff80e4a8c0a2102dfa79d78f1318ccae111889d5fd79a7361","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:09ec9712118c688ff80e4a8c0a2102dfa79d78f1318ccae111889d5fd79a7361"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V5V3KO5H4L73J62PGKW5Y5QDLQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V5V3KO5H4L73J62PGKW5Y5QDLQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V5V3KO5H4L73J62PGKW5Y5QDLQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-21T09:12:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/V5V3KO5H4L73J62PGKW5Y5QDLQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/V5V3KO5H4L73J62PGKW5Y5QDLQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/V5V3KO5H4L73J62PGKW5Y5QDLQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V5V3KO5H4L73J62PGKW5Y5QDLQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:V5V3KO5H4L73J62PGKW5Y5QDLQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f8fdfd274c246e3235ca0d2e1f850bfdc8439a0811cd450a1f2a65969760e295","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-10T20:30:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"8353df75864aee1852fef60d7d9d866fe532ebcf0baf29b769dba25f44314ff1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.09227","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.09227","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.09227v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.09227","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V5V3KO5H4L73","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V5V3KO5H4L73J62P","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V5V3KO5H","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:09ec9712118c688ff80e4a8c0a2102dfa79d78f1318ccae111889d5fd79a7361","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2506.09227/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large language model (LLM) unlearning has become a critical topic in machine learning, aiming to eliminate the influence of specific training data or knowledge without retraining the model from scratch. A variety of techniques have been proposed, including Gradient Ascent, model editing, and re-steering hidden representations. While existing surveys often organize these methods by their technical characteristics, such classifications tend to overlook a more fundamental dimension: the underlying intention of unlearning--whether it seeks to truly remove internal knowledge or merely suppress its ","authors_text":"Charu C. Aggarwal, Hui Liu, Jie Ren, Yingqian Cui, Yue Xing","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-10T20:30:39Z","title":"SoK: Machine Unlearning for Large Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.09227","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4695e5cf7a66a00d5e5f2fc5a9d51a46ac14db9883b04f14b61f8965fdf88a75","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f8fdfd274c246e3235ca0d2e1f850bfdc8439a0811cd450a1f2a65969760e295","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-10T20:30:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"8353df75864aee1852fef60d7d9d866fe532ebcf0baf29b769dba25f44314ff1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.09227","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"af6bb53ba7e2ffb4fb4f32addc76035c0f76612c117902b959e6b32ee64d48bb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"af6bb53ba7e2ffb4fb4f32addc76035c0f76612c117902b959e6b32ee64d48bb","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33.399231Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33.399231Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"QZ/nouQ1E+buMbcO8ntJdDwrhHxyqVY7kSWahetGdvynr7jp9Ub6uXE+zPUfCkVYdX8Rn8oBF+84FMBGrfcBAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:33.399725Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2506.09227","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4695e5cf7a66a00d5e5f2fc5a9d51a46ac14db9883b04f14b61f8965fdf88a75","sha256:09ec9712118c688ff80e4a8c0a2102dfa79d78f1318ccae111889d5fd79a7361"],"state_sha256":"5d000e183f698a0f86ccddcb2ae57fce74738214a07cbecee86318850898c571"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gvhE6XRmxnyCqdvMoSSD6/R6tkG806K0V26yfeztSZJHSwrDOHM3kHY+dKXfJMX2+xpbhtIKMeoUjFiurdl/BQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T09:12:22.757625Z","bundle_sha256":"a90134366670c8d76f1cfa3bee15c009a9eeb66b7bd1ccded533599af5254a74"}}