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Garcia Vegas, A.L. M\\\"uller, A. Lucero, A. Machado Payeras, A.M. Badescu, A.M. Botti, A. Menshikov, A Nucita, A. Parra, A. Puyleart, A. Saftoiu, A. Streich, A. Taboada, A. Tapia, A. Travaini, A. V\\'asquez-Ram\\'irez, A. Weindl, A. Yushkov, A. Zepeda, B. Andrada, B.C. Manning, B. Fick, B. Garc\\'ia, B. Keilhauer, B.L. Lago, B. Pont, B.R. Dawson, B. Tom\\'e, B. Wundheiler, C. Aramo, C. Berat, C. Bleve, C. Bonifazi, C. Dobrigkeit, C.E. Covault, C. Galea, C. Galelli, C. Hojvat, C.J. Todero Peixoto, C. Morello, C.M. Sch\\\"afer, C.O. Escobar, C. Sarmiento-Cano, C. Timmermans, C. Trimarelli, C. Ventura, D. Boncioli, D. de Oliveira Franco, D. G\\'ora, D. Harari, D. Heck, D. LaHurd, D. Lo Presti, D. Mandat, D. Martello, D. Melo, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, D. Ravignani, D. Schmidt, D. Stanca, D. Veberi\\v{c}, D. Wittkowski, D. Zavrtanik, E. De Vito, E. Guido, E. Mayotte, E.M. Santos, E. Roulet, E. Santos, E. Varela, E. Zas, F. Barbato, F. Canfora, F. Catalani, F. Contreras, F. Convenga, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, F. Gesualdi, F. Gobbi, F. Gollan, F.G. Schr\\\"oder, F. Guarino, F.L. Briechle, F. Montanet, F. Pedreira, F. Riehn, F. Salamida, F. S\\'anchez, F. Sarazin, F. Schl\\\"uter, G.A. Anastasi, G. Avila, G. Cataldi, G.C. Hill, G. Consolati, G. De Mauro, G. Farrar, G. Golup, G. Kukec Mezek, G. Mancarella, G. Marsella, G. Matthiae, G. Medina-Tanco, G. Parente, G.P. Guedes, G. Salina, G. Sigl, G. Silli, G. Torralba Elipe, H. Asorey, H. Dembinski, H. Falcke, H. Gemmeke, H.J. Mathes, H. Martinez, H.O. Klages, H. Salazar, H. Schieler, H. Wahlberg, H. Wilczy\\'nski, I. Allekotte, I. Caracas, I.C. Mari\\c{s}, I. De Mitri, I.D. Vergara Quispe, I. Epicoco, I. Goos, I. Lhenry-Yvon, I. Vali\\~no, J.A. Bellido, J.A. Chinellato, J.A. Day, J.A. Johnsen, J. Alvarez-Mu\\~niz, J. Biteau, J. Blazek, J. Brack, J.C. D'Olivo, J. Chudoba, J. Debatin, J. de Jes\\'us, J. de Oliveira, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, J. Ebr, J. Farmer, J.F. Soriano, J.F. Vald\\'es Galicia, J. Glombitza, J. Hulsman, J. Jurysek, J. Kemp, J. Kleinfeller, J.M. Albury, J. Manshanden, J. Matthews, J.M. Carceller, J.M. Figueira, J. Pallotta, J. Pe\\~na-Rodriguez, J. Perez Armand, J.P. Gongora, J. P\\k{e}kala, J.P. Lundquist, J. Rautenberg, J.R. H\\\"orandel, J. Ridky, J. Rodriguez Rojo, J.R.T. de Mello Neto, J. Schulte, J. Souchard, J. Stasielak, J. Vicha, J. Vink, J. \\v{S}up\\'ik, K. Choi, K. Daumiller, K.-D. Merenda, K.H. Becker, K.H. Kampert, K. Mulrey, K.S. Caballero-Mora, L. Anchordoqui, L.A. N\\'u\\~nez, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, L. Caccianiga, L. Cazon, L. Chytka, L. Lopes, L. Miramonti, L. Nellen, L. No\\v{z}ka, L. Perrone, L. Vaclavek, L. Valore, L. Wiencke, L. Zehrer, M. Aglietta, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, M.A. Muller, M. Boh\\'a\\v{c}ov\\'a, M. Buscemi, M. Cerda, M. del R\\'io, M.E. Bertaina, M. Erdmann, M. Giammarchi, M. Giller, M. G\\'omez Berisso, M. Gottowik, M. Hrabovsk\\'y, M.I. Micheletti, M.J. Roncoroni, M. Kleifges, M. K\\\"opke, M. Mastrodicasa, M.M. Freire, M. Mostaf\\'a, M. Muzio, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, M. Palatka, M. Pech, M. Perlin, M. Pimenta, M. Platino, M. Pothast, M. Prouza, M.R. Coluccia, M. Reininghaus, M.R. Hampel, M. Risse, M. Roth, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, M. Scornavacche, M. Stadelmaier, M. Su\\'arez-Dur\\'an, M.T. Dova, M. Trini, M. Tueros, M. Unger, M. Vacula, M. Weber, M. Wirtz, M. Zavrtanik, N. Borodai, N. Dhital, N. Fazzini, N. Gonz\\'alez, N. Langner, O. Deligny, O. Mart\\'inez Bravo, O. Scholten, O. Sima, O. Tkachenko, O. Zapparrata, P. Abreu, P. Assis, P. Buchholz, P.F. G\\'omez Vitale, P.G. Isar, P. Hansen, P. Horvath, P.L. Biermann, P.L. Ghia, P. Mantsch, P.O. Mazur, P. Papenbreer, P. Privitera, P.R. Ara\\'ujo Ferreira, P. Ristori, P. Ruehl, P. Savina, P. Schov\\'anek, P. Sommers, P. Stassi, P. Tobiska, P. Travnicek, Q. Luce, R. Alves Batista, R. Caruso, R.C. dos Anjos, R. Colalillo, R. Concei\\c{c}\\~ao, R.C. Shellard, R. Engel, R.G. Lang, R. Halliday, R.J. Barreira Luz, R. L\\'opez, R. Lorek, R.M. de Almeida, R. Mussa, R. Pelayo, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, R. Squartini, R. Ulrich, R. \\v{S}m\\'ida, R.W. Clay, S. Andringa, S. Buitink, S. Dasso, S. Hahn, S.J. De Jong, S.J. Saffi, S.J. Sciutto, S. Marafico, S. Michal, S. Mollerach, S. Petrera, S. Querchfeld, S. Schr\\\"oder, S. Stani\\v{c}, S. Vorobiov, T. Bister, T. Bretz, T.D. Grubb, T. Fodran, T. Fujii, T. Hebbeker, The Pierre Auger Collaboration: A. Aab, T. Huege, T. Pierog, T. Sudholz, T. Suomij\\\"arvi, T. Winchen, U. Giaccari, V. de Souza, V. Lenok, V.M. Harvey, V. Novotny, V. Pirronello, V. Rizi, V. Scherini, V. Varma K.C., V. Verzi, W.M. Namasaka, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, X. Bertou, Z. Szadkowski","submitted_at":"2021-02-15T19:04:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present the first measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers produced by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. We find that the measured fluctuations are in good agreement with predictions from air shower simulations. This observation provides new insights into the origin of the previously reported deficit of muons in air shower simulations and constrains models of hadronic interactions at ultrahigh energies. Our measurement is compatible with the muon deficit originating from small deviations in the predictions from hadronic interaction models of particle produ"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2102.07797","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ex","submitted_at":"2021-02-15T19:04:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3fae99f2cb5d4d322eaad089a8cbc5ec07ef57b46fefa1b40ae85256b937a7fe","abstract_canon_sha256":"87604beeb5c7ab9ce85b7bfd95ed15d519085b2e732f5a0e4c7b2cce155e3b61"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:35:37.804967Z","signature_b64":"L0KIDJ49wY5hheO2Gaf5IE+/KM4ApZIrtejw3zXmVyU4TpkoyEAQE08qLYU7tCoWUllrOea9T7igyjTEM9HrCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"afa9a1b10873ab64a12816920e37a6819c4d522e7a706b1816a8db2091c9f2d8","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:35:37.804440Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:35:37.804440Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-ex","authors_text":"A. Almela, A.A. Watson, A. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, A. Bueno, A. Cancio, A. Castellina, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, A.C. Fauth, A. Coleman, A. Condorelli, A.C. Rovero, A. Di Matteo, A.D. Supanitsky, A. Etchegoyen, A. Filip\\v{c}i\\v{c}, A. Fuster, A. Gherghel-Lascu, A.G. Mariazzi, A. Gorgi, A. Haungs, A. Insolia, A. K\\\"a\\\"ap\\\"a, A. Letessier-Selvon, A.L. Garcia Vegas, A.L. M\\\"uller, A. Lucero, A. Machado Payeras, A.M. Badescu, A.M. Botti, A. Menshikov, A Nucita, A. Parra, A. Puyleart, A. Saftoiu, A. Streich, A. Taboada, A. Tapia, A. Travaini, A. V\\'asquez-Ram\\'irez, A. Weindl, A. Yushkov, A. Zepeda, B. Andrada, B.C. Manning, B. Fick, B. Garc\\'ia, B. Keilhauer, B.L. Lago, B. Pont, B.R. Dawson, B. Tom\\'e, B. Wundheiler, C. Aramo, C. Berat, C. Bleve, C. Bonifazi, C. Dobrigkeit, C.E. Covault, C. Galea, C. Galelli, C. Hojvat, C.J. Todero Peixoto, C. Morello, C.M. Sch\\\"afer, C.O. Escobar, C. Sarmiento-Cano, C. Timmermans, C. Trimarelli, C. Ventura, D. Boncioli, D. de Oliveira Franco, D. G\\'ora, D. Harari, D. Heck, D. LaHurd, D. Lo Presti, D. Mandat, D. Martello, D. Melo, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, D. Ravignani, D. Schmidt, D. Stanca, D. Veberi\\v{c}, D. Wittkowski, D. Zavrtanik, E. De Vito, E. Guido, E. Mayotte, E.M. Santos, E. Roulet, E. Santos, E. Varela, E. Zas, F. Barbato, F. Canfora, F. Catalani, F. Contreras, F. Convenga, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, F. Gesualdi, F. Gobbi, F. Gollan, F.G. Schr\\\"oder, F. Guarino, F.L. Briechle, F. Montanet, F. Pedreira, F. Riehn, F. Salamida, F. S\\'anchez, F. Sarazin, F. Schl\\\"uter, G.A. Anastasi, G. Avila, G. Cataldi, G.C. Hill, G. Consolati, G. De Mauro, G. Farrar, G. Golup, G. Kukec Mezek, G. Mancarella, G. Marsella, G. Matthiae, G. Medina-Tanco, G. Parente, G.P. Guedes, G. Salina, G. Sigl, G. Silli, G. Torralba Elipe, H. Asorey, H. Dembinski, H. Falcke, H. Gemmeke, H.J. Mathes, H. Martinez, H.O. Klages, H. Salazar, H. Schieler, H. Wahlberg, H. Wilczy\\'nski, I. Allekotte, I. Caracas, I.C. Mari\\c{s}, I. De Mitri, I.D. 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Wiencke, L. Zehrer, M. Aglietta, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, M.A. Muller, M. Boh\\'a\\v{c}ov\\'a, M. Buscemi, M. Cerda, M. del R\\'io, M.E. Bertaina, M. Erdmann, M. Giammarchi, M. Giller, M. G\\'omez Berisso, M. Gottowik, M. Hrabovsk\\'y, M.I. Micheletti, M.J. Roncoroni, M. Kleifges, M. K\\\"opke, M. Mastrodicasa, M.M. Freire, M. Mostaf\\'a, M. Muzio, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, M. Palatka, M. Pech, M. Perlin, M. Pimenta, M. Platino, M. Pothast, M. Prouza, M.R. Coluccia, M. Reininghaus, M.R. Hampel, M. Risse, M. Roth, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, M. Scornavacche, M. Stadelmaier, M. Su\\'arez-Dur\\'an, M.T. Dova, M. Trini, M. Tueros, M. Unger, M. Vacula, M. Weber, M. Wirtz, M. Zavrtanik, N. Borodai, N. Dhital, N. Fazzini, N. Gonz\\'alez, N. Langner, O. Deligny, O. Mart\\'inez Bravo, O. Scholten, O. Sima, O. Tkachenko, O. Zapparrata, P. Abreu, P. Assis, P. Buchholz, P.F. G\\'omez Vitale, P.G. Isar, P. Hansen, P. Horvath, P.L. Biermann, P.L. Ghia, P. Mantsch, P.O. Mazur, P. Papenbreer, P. Privitera, P.R. Ara\\'ujo Ferreira, P. Ristori, P. Ruehl, P. Savina, P. Schov\\'anek, P. Sommers, P. Stassi, P. Tobiska, P. Travnicek, Q. Luce, R. Alves Batista, R. Caruso, R.C. dos Anjos, R. Colalillo, R. Concei\\c{c}\\~ao, R.C. Shellard, R. Engel, R.G. Lang, R. Halliday, R.J. Barreira Luz, R. L\\'opez, R. Lorek, R.M. de Almeida, R. Mussa, R. Pelayo, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, R. Squartini, R. Ulrich, R. \\v{S}m\\'ida, R.W. Clay, S. Andringa, S. Buitink, S. Dasso, S. Hahn, S.J. De Jong, S.J. Saffi, S.J. Sciutto, S. Marafico, S. Michal, S. Mollerach, S. Petrera, S. Querchfeld, S. Schr\\\"oder, S. Stani\\v{c}, S. Vorobiov, T. Bister, T. Bretz, T.D. Grubb, T. Fodran, T. Fujii, T. Hebbeker, The Pierre Auger Collaboration: A. Aab, T. Huege, T. Pierog, T. Sudholz, T. Suomij\\\"arvi, T. Winchen, U. Giaccari, V. de Souza, V. Lenok, V.M. Harvey, V. Novotny, V. Pirronello, V. Rizi, V. Scherini, V. Varma K.C., V. Verzi, W.M. Namasaka, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, X. Bertou, Z. 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