{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:V7QCDGGF22I6PTP3L4NZO6ZEGH","short_pith_number":"pith:V7QCDGGF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1408.3377","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2014-08-14T18:24:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7095c9610baa192983114d212d5bc072e7c89e746a952580796eab00849e3fbf","abstract_canon_sha256":"d7503d4a6848c2be5401d24ae10532e43534c858d7189aaba8aa957c9840cb9a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"afe02198c5d691e7cdfb5f1b977b2431e413ba6f913f53142914ed9312e908fc","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1408.3377","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1408.3377","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1408.3377v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1408.3377","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V7QCDGGF22I6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V7QCDGGF22I6PTP3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V7QCDGGF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:V7QCDGGF22I6PTP3L4NZO6ZEGH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1408.3377","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2014-08-14T18:24:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7095c9610baa192983114d212d5bc072e7c89e746a952580796eab00849e3fbf","abstract_canon_sha256":"d7503d4a6848c2be5401d24ae10532e43534c858d7189aaba8aa957c9840cb9a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"afe02198c5d691e7cdfb5f1b977b2431e413ba6f913f53142914ed9312e908fc","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:27.682640Z","signature_b64":"aOhl6LkMBgjNAg9MBMSIdNaP8chprzF9IsCcshtLL76K5PIxSbDXa5mwnY2tjeaeHFqjBsckFUBps1Z5RTKLCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"afe02198c5d691e7cdfb5f1b977b2431e413ba6f913f53142914ed9312e908fc","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:27.681811Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:27.681811Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1408.3377","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7ko5cfs3RWCdht4rYrsUqpgRO4WcHcZWCeEh2MA643XbreNdw5cjJpPAFVO2TmTBrCmOK1pXmtnkI2zSKQXLCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T17:47:02.603802Z"},"content_sha256":"a4a58b7326e05f1c0ca85ad5df64868caf75420dc41f43ce5d4983e5a1fada01","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a4a58b7326e05f1c0ca85ad5df64868caf75420dc41f43ce5d4983e5a1fada01"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:V7QCDGGF22I6PTP3L4NZO6ZEGH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Mean gas opacity for circumstellar environments and equilibrium temperature degeneracy","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"C. P. Dullemond, H. Klahr, M. G. Malygin, R. Kuiper, Th. Henning","submitted_at":"2014-08-14T18:24:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"In a molecular cloud dust opacity typically dominates over gas opacity, yet in the vicinities of forming stars dust is depleted, and gas is the sole provider of opacity. In the optically thin circumstellar environments the radiation temperature cannot be assumed to be equal to the gas temperature, hence the two-temperature Planck means are necessary to calculate the radiative equilibrium.\n  By using the two-temperature mean opacity one does obtain the proper equilibrium gas temperature in a circumstellar environment, which is in a chemical equilibrium. A careful consideration of a radiative tr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1408.3377","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tuyBBJcZwrzewbiUppOtmWLdkGGoRYlEhzP6g2UI8exoDQ8/4TVpN0zo0LcIvqF9xvyryqYjl4qtKmlhqx2fBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T17:47:02.604159Z"},"content_sha256":"0b3056dd896e4c198aaebbc5f19906e95a735ac2694fb539f1679622b20ecc93","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0b3056dd896e4c198aaebbc5f19906e95a735ac2694fb539f1679622b20ecc93"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V7QCDGGF22I6PTP3L4NZO6ZEGH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V7QCDGGF22I6PTP3L4NZO6ZEGH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V7QCDGGF22I6PTP3L4NZO6ZEGH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-21T17:47:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/V7QCDGGF22I6PTP3L4NZO6ZEGH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/V7QCDGGF22I6PTP3L4NZO6ZEGH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/V7QCDGGF22I6PTP3L4NZO6ZEGH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V7QCDGGF22I6PTP3L4NZO6ZEGH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:V7QCDGGF22I6PTP3L4NZO6ZEGH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d7503d4a6848c2be5401d24ae10532e43534c858d7189aaba8aa957c9840cb9a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2014-08-14T18:24:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"7095c9610baa192983114d212d5bc072e7c89e746a952580796eab00849e3fbf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1408.3377","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1408.3377","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1408.3377v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1408.3377","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V7QCDGGF22I6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V7QCDGGF22I6PTP3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V7QCDGGF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0b3056dd896e4c198aaebbc5f19906e95a735ac2694fb539f1679622b20ecc93","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In a molecular cloud dust opacity typically dominates over gas opacity, yet in the vicinities of forming stars dust is depleted, and gas is the sole provider of opacity. In the optically thin circumstellar environments the radiation temperature cannot be assumed to be equal to the gas temperature, hence the two-temperature Planck means are necessary to calculate the radiative equilibrium.\n  By using the two-temperature mean opacity one does obtain the proper equilibrium gas temperature in a circumstellar environment, which is in a chemical equilibrium. A careful consideration of a radiative tr","authors_text":"C. P. Dullemond, H. Klahr, M. G. Malygin, R. Kuiper, Th. Henning","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2014-08-14T18:24:25Z","title":"Mean gas opacity for circumstellar environments and equilibrium temperature degeneracy"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1408.3377","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a4a58b7326e05f1c0ca85ad5df64868caf75420dc41f43ce5d4983e5a1fada01","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d7503d4a6848c2be5401d24ae10532e43534c858d7189aaba8aa957c9840cb9a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2014-08-14T18:24:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"7095c9610baa192983114d212d5bc072e7c89e746a952580796eab00849e3fbf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1408.3377","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"afe02198c5d691e7cdfb5f1b977b2431e413ba6f913f53142914ed9312e908fc","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"afe02198c5d691e7cdfb5f1b977b2431e413ba6f913f53142914ed9312e908fc","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:27.681811Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:27.681811Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"aOhl6LkMBgjNAg9MBMSIdNaP8chprzF9IsCcshtLL76K5PIxSbDXa5mwnY2tjeaeHFqjBsckFUBps1Z5RTKLCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:27.682640Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1408.3377","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a4a58b7326e05f1c0ca85ad5df64868caf75420dc41f43ce5d4983e5a1fada01","sha256:0b3056dd896e4c198aaebbc5f19906e95a735ac2694fb539f1679622b20ecc93"],"state_sha256":"dfc9be229fd09b90e48c005449b148a7d578bd54421ab0efe73fc4a2ce70b4b5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"U0Qwz2G4a1y4O8VAZ6gL9I9Nz6ogNNSlQ5YgqhkeBjxkM1r4ARXaGxECdI1rPlNMyEMlDKJsqJzvGebaFq1sBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T17:47:02.607066Z","bundle_sha256":"31d387348754b870375ab6c61b4581279ea153cb3be6256a2f31ba1d448fd2bd"}}