{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:VAN4SOPHW2OAPYGORNZGKLZDXX","short_pith_number":"pith:VAN4SOPH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2409.16165","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-09-24T15:06:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b15f18993bec78edfc083a4ced0317f43eb5a0d9ae8fe442742ee072fc0780c7","abstract_canon_sha256":"c19b2970787523c5d70a2fc0c234ac605705d58d09d6407886bcd1a8fcf474d8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a81bc939e7b69c07e0ce8b72652f23bde8f823ce7ff7a40091d6524a38756714","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2409.16165","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2409.16165","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2409.16165v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2409.16165","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VAN4SOPHW2OA","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VAN4SOPHW2OAPYGO","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VAN4SOPH","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:VAN4SOPHW2OAPYGORNZGKLZDXX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2409.16165","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-09-24T15:06:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b15f18993bec78edfc083a4ced0317f43eb5a0d9ae8fe442742ee072fc0780c7","abstract_canon_sha256":"c19b2970787523c5d70a2fc0c234ac605705d58d09d6407886bcd1a8fcf474d8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a81bc939e7b69c07e0ce8b72652f23bde8f823ce7ff7a40091d6524a38756714","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29.581164Z","signature_b64":"WHtpTnTRgnQMY29T7xtmf8oCbUZjKQMhiFeQK/JK6RgnEnJmb9uejtqQKlre4F33x9WTWM94rmOw2GakqLQWDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a81bc939e7b69c07e0ce8b72652f23bde8f823ce7ff7a40091d6524a38756714","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29.580359Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29.580359Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2409.16165","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TtCjRcVKyOZ/toS7OgNayfEZdrmFujafEqkzZcpP1VEbRxS2HPxgAAcshItHuYyF5hgnfJUjlDR75aZdt7trCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T00:29:39.592519Z"},"content_sha256":"e6fdf86ba8f5f25dbe20bdd4cac7cd15729ce866a27cd330b8f5cef2365849c5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e6fdf86ba8f5f25dbe20bdd4cac7cd15729ce866a27cd330b8f5cef2365849c5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:VAN4SOPHW2OAPYGORNZGKLZDXX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"EnIGMA: Interactive Tools Substantially Assist LM Agents in Finding Security Vulnerabilities","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Brendan Dolan-Gavitt, Carlos E. Jimenez, Farshad Khorrami, Haoran Xi, John Yang, Karthik Narasimhan, Kilian Lieret, Kimberly Milner, Meet Udeshi, Minghao Shao, Muhammad Shafique, Ofir Press, Prashanth Krishnamurthy, Ramesh Karri, Sofija Jancheska, Talor Abramovich","submitted_at":"2024-09-24T15:06:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"Although language model (LM) agents have demonstrated increased performance in multiple domains, including coding and web-browsing, their success in cybersecurity has been limited. We present EnIGMA, an LM agent for autonomously solving Capture The Flag (CTF) challenges. We introduce new tools and interfaces to improve the agent's ability to find and exploit security vulnerabilities, focusing on interactive terminal programs. These novel Interactive Agent Tools enable LM agents, for the first time, to run interactive utilities, such as a debugger and a server connection tool, which are essenti"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2409.16165","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2409.16165/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LruU72XNKw4HQ48fm4wUQFT2F4Z6U7V24IXCpHVWx+KMvapYOlbY4ohI0MqCNSuOou1+B8a6aM3JTvg0uWG3Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T00:29:39.593002Z"},"content_sha256":"5eb6617770df3eccec7a3127d5ded1ac2ca9541d0749d6c994821bf4fbe17bc8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5eb6617770df3eccec7a3127d5ded1ac2ca9541d0749d6c994821bf4fbe17bc8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VAN4SOPHW2OAPYGORNZGKLZDXX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VAN4SOPHW2OAPYGORNZGKLZDXX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VAN4SOPHW2OAPYGORNZGKLZDXX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T00:29:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VAN4SOPHW2OAPYGORNZGKLZDXX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VAN4SOPHW2OAPYGORNZGKLZDXX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VAN4SOPHW2OAPYGORNZGKLZDXX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VAN4SOPHW2OAPYGORNZGKLZDXX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:VAN4SOPHW2OAPYGORNZGKLZDXX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c19b2970787523c5d70a2fc0c234ac605705d58d09d6407886bcd1a8fcf474d8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-09-24T15:06:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"b15f18993bec78edfc083a4ced0317f43eb5a0d9ae8fe442742ee072fc0780c7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2409.16165","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2409.16165","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2409.16165v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2409.16165","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VAN4SOPHW2OA","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VAN4SOPHW2OAPYGO","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VAN4SOPH","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5eb6617770df3eccec7a3127d5ded1ac2ca9541d0749d6c994821bf4fbe17bc8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2409.16165/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Although language model (LM) agents have demonstrated increased performance in multiple domains, including coding and web-browsing, their success in cybersecurity has been limited. We present EnIGMA, an LM agent for autonomously solving Capture The Flag (CTF) challenges. We introduce new tools and interfaces to improve the agent's ability to find and exploit security vulnerabilities, focusing on interactive terminal programs. These novel Interactive Agent Tools enable LM agents, for the first time, to run interactive utilities, such as a debugger and a server connection tool, which are essenti","authors_text":"Brendan Dolan-Gavitt, Carlos E. Jimenez, Farshad Khorrami, Haoran Xi, John Yang, Karthik Narasimhan, Kilian Lieret, Kimberly Milner, Meet Udeshi, Minghao Shao, Muhammad Shafique, Ofir Press, Prashanth Krishnamurthy, Ramesh Karri, Sofija Jancheska, Talor Abramovich","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-09-24T15:06:01Z","title":"EnIGMA: Interactive Tools Substantially Assist LM Agents in Finding Security Vulnerabilities"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2409.16165","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e6fdf86ba8f5f25dbe20bdd4cac7cd15729ce866a27cd330b8f5cef2365849c5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c19b2970787523c5d70a2fc0c234ac605705d58d09d6407886bcd1a8fcf474d8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-09-24T15:06:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"b15f18993bec78edfc083a4ced0317f43eb5a0d9ae8fe442742ee072fc0780c7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2409.16165","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"a81bc939e7b69c07e0ce8b72652f23bde8f823ce7ff7a40091d6524a38756714","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a81bc939e7b69c07e0ce8b72652f23bde8f823ce7ff7a40091d6524a38756714","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29.580359Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29.580359Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"WHtpTnTRgnQMY29T7xtmf8oCbUZjKQMhiFeQK/JK6RgnEnJmb9uejtqQKlre4F33x9WTWM94rmOw2GakqLQWDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:29.581164Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2409.16165","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e6fdf86ba8f5f25dbe20bdd4cac7cd15729ce866a27cd330b8f5cef2365849c5","sha256:5eb6617770df3eccec7a3127d5ded1ac2ca9541d0749d6c994821bf4fbe17bc8"],"state_sha256":"a29aa492d16e4aa42518cb03593d337bf6ec99935ac266738f63b760d3e9cada"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TlIY2VY522pRrBeSF6ZasKzvD9YtJNHKgF+VopLWvXFFJjWDPbm0cqJ+af47aTaeWW/r0aV27W71QN5t2bBzAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T00:29:39.596173Z","bundle_sha256":"86e820e75e9a5ce51bb22c793091de85c79bd26afeb531f830eafbd71bc5d22d"}}