{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:VBHL6I2BBVJBW5QRFAX4PL4HIH","short_pith_number":"pith:VBHL6I2B","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2402.05859","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-08T17:43:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f332bd22cf8e94360ee2df4f64e0eebf80d4ca14c681cb82253d711d685951c7","abstract_canon_sha256":"bf205aac7ae8c79093cfd0cbe1142dfed7c1a16c249574ad8ab65a3f89c2f1d9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a84ebf23410d521b7611282fc7af8741c19d9f6b01cadd500fa5d1df4b7ce51e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2402.05859","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2402.05859","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2402.05859v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2402.05859","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VBHL6I2BBVJB","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VBHL6I2BBVJBW5QR","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VBHL6I2B","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:VBHL6I2BBVJBW5QRFAX4PL4HIH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2402.05859","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-08T17:43:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f332bd22cf8e94360ee2df4f64e0eebf80d4ca14c681cb82253d711d685951c7","abstract_canon_sha256":"bf205aac7ae8c79093cfd0cbe1142dfed7c1a16c249574ad8ab65a3f89c2f1d9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a84ebf23410d521b7611282fc7af8741c19d9f6b01cadd500fa5d1df4b7ce51e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59.885533Z","signature_b64":"1pV85SY9zbklYWXnUVREf3uT44raky3ARcPRxocEaeGCiRxj015I8IhorH8vx1WfQzxIu0/ytXuKqGf0+S4yCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a84ebf23410d521b7611282fc7af8741c19d9f6b01cadd500fa5d1df4b7ce51e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59.885109Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59.885109Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2402.05859","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LkQtFLFzgrZU32XQ9Naybaqkt5G7z0ZiTkrhu9eNgXiEDkjTFOZwyfZdi/KvGjmovy0C11G59pySQaVDp85ZDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T15:51:11.189682Z"},"content_sha256":"44d7af8e1e9339bd3e275244e87c8812ad868649569ff98c5bf2c4bd3e47f66b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:44d7af8e1e9339bd3e275244e87c8812ad868649569ff98c5bf2c4bd3e47f66b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:VBHL6I2BBVJBW5QRFAX4PL4HIH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Learning to Route Among Specialized Experts for Zero-Shot Generalization","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Colin Raffel, Haokun Liu, Mohammed Muqeeth, Yufan Liu","submitted_at":"2024-02-08T17:43:22Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recently, there has been a widespread proliferation of \"expert\" language models that are specialized to a specific task or domain through parameter-efficient fine-tuning. How can we recycle large collections of expert language models to improve zero-shot generalization to unseen tasks? In this work, we propose Post-Hoc Adaptive Tokenwise Gating Over an Ocean of Specialized Experts (PHATGOOSE), which learns to route among specialized modules that were produced through parameter-efficient fine-tuning. Unlike past methods that learn to route among specialized models, PHATGOOSE explores the possib"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.05859","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2402.05859/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LmzDulxBCta1rO8wN5nIEtwJ6z+RcmZg6QeQJu34O5JqMEifWycZK1Adr00l7WbtSm8qOxfnZQejEe2V35pZCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T15:51:11.190192Z"},"content_sha256":"2746d4fc74b143159026c71c5ee7a5be01f2a680ae5301801b753e977d73a298","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2746d4fc74b143159026c71c5ee7a5be01f2a680ae5301801b753e977d73a298"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VBHL6I2BBVJBW5QRFAX4PL4HIH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VBHL6I2BBVJBW5QRFAX4PL4HIH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VBHL6I2BBVJBW5QRFAX4PL4HIH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-03T15:51:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VBHL6I2BBVJBW5QRFAX4PL4HIH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VBHL6I2BBVJBW5QRFAX4PL4HIH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VBHL6I2BBVJBW5QRFAX4PL4HIH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VBHL6I2BBVJBW5QRFAX4PL4HIH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:VBHL6I2BBVJBW5QRFAX4PL4HIH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bf205aac7ae8c79093cfd0cbe1142dfed7c1a16c249574ad8ab65a3f89c2f1d9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-08T17:43:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"f332bd22cf8e94360ee2df4f64e0eebf80d4ca14c681cb82253d711d685951c7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.05859","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2402.05859","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2402.05859v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2402.05859","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VBHL6I2BBVJB","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VBHL6I2BBVJBW5QR","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VBHL6I2B","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2746d4fc74b143159026c71c5ee7a5be01f2a680ae5301801b753e977d73a298","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2402.05859/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recently, there has been a widespread proliferation of \"expert\" language models that are specialized to a specific task or domain through parameter-efficient fine-tuning. How can we recycle large collections of expert language models to improve zero-shot generalization to unseen tasks? In this work, we propose Post-Hoc Adaptive Tokenwise Gating Over an Ocean of Specialized Experts (PHATGOOSE), which learns to route among specialized modules that were produced through parameter-efficient fine-tuning. Unlike past methods that learn to route among specialized models, PHATGOOSE explores the possib","authors_text":"Colin Raffel, Haokun Liu, Mohammed Muqeeth, Yufan Liu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-08T17:43:22Z","title":"Learning to Route Among Specialized Experts for Zero-Shot Generalization"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.05859","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:44d7af8e1e9339bd3e275244e87c8812ad868649569ff98c5bf2c4bd3e47f66b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bf205aac7ae8c79093cfd0cbe1142dfed7c1a16c249574ad8ab65a3f89c2f1d9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-08T17:43:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"f332bd22cf8e94360ee2df4f64e0eebf80d4ca14c681cb82253d711d685951c7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.05859","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"a84ebf23410d521b7611282fc7af8741c19d9f6b01cadd500fa5d1df4b7ce51e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a84ebf23410d521b7611282fc7af8741c19d9f6b01cadd500fa5d1df4b7ce51e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59.885109Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59.885109Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"1pV85SY9zbklYWXnUVREf3uT44raky3ARcPRxocEaeGCiRxj015I8IhorH8vx1WfQzxIu0/ytXuKqGf0+S4yCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:34:59.885533Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2402.05859","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:44d7af8e1e9339bd3e275244e87c8812ad868649569ff98c5bf2c4bd3e47f66b","sha256:2746d4fc74b143159026c71c5ee7a5be01f2a680ae5301801b753e977d73a298"],"state_sha256":"e425d85a701755a76f3e6c0b44d2d68398fe240abfae35fee880f8e0cd4cc840"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Qn1bmdqgQfo9RDRBRtYIROeDshdjD8h8GOJNFlsuqenr/hQBJHtgqnULwFLmVs96RAA1IbXG/ReA2U2640xVDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T15:51:11.195682Z","bundle_sha256":"28bda5f573d698a62d177f2f3fa32c58b72c1fa333850952318b53a5b543bf17"}}