{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:VBPG6J3FFSK5L54AUCOE4VSRC2","short_pith_number":"pith:VBPG6J3F","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2306.17205","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2023-06-29T14:42:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"bb8a6531ae63803c2ea89a987692cf571ae9effdc31f19ae68b23b9ad374947e","abstract_canon_sha256":"398843f0b4d36bb216a85abddda1488cf0d29466d7d94d846e145c095d39e66d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a85e6f27652c95d5f780a09c4e565116bd3508d57ad7e824604b143c6ba5b5cb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2306.17205","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2306.17205","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2306.17205v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2306.17205","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VBPG6J3FFSK5","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VBPG6J3FFSK5L54A","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VBPG6J3F","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:VBPG6J3FFSK5L54AUCOE4VSRC2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2306.17205","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2023-06-29T14:42:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"bb8a6531ae63803c2ea89a987692cf571ae9effdc31f19ae68b23b9ad374947e","abstract_canon_sha256":"398843f0b4d36bb216a85abddda1488cf0d29466d7d94d846e145c095d39e66d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a85e6f27652c95d5f780a09c4e565116bd3508d57ad7e824604b143c6ba5b5cb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09.878329Z","signature_b64":"eFhZx7PBT3bSIuX8o0W1zg8X2ohf9R/RRJe7ee7YxssUD1zPsliwr09HNrAGTeWyy+Um6/SY9GG5RRB+b0XABA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a85e6f27652c95d5f780a09c4e565116bd3508d57ad7e824604b143c6ba5b5cb","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09.877849Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09.877849Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2306.17205","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nV2zap2wDJLDEOSlgbelOfTqNbgYn+dxKTdurjlApM3zFfmLzbQzvzYhS7dZW85hoCd7riguhAN+1Dqf+06kDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T18:49:07.939547Z"},"content_sha256":"0dcccec8ebae64dc4f199657c727674859105892df13463272585bb19775b556","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0dcccec8ebae64dc4f199657c727674859105892df13463272585bb19775b556"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:VBPG6J3FFSK5L54AUCOE4VSRC2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Have pulsar timing array methods detected a cosmological phase transition?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Andrea Addazi, Antonino Marciano, Luca Visinelli, Yi-Fu Cai","submitted_at":"2023-06-29T14:42:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"We show that the recent detection of a gravitational wave (GW) background reported by various pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations including NANOGrav-15yr, PPTA, EPTA, and CPTA can be explained in terms of first order phase transitions (FOPTs) from dark sector models (DSM). Specifically, we explore a model for first order phase transitions that involves the majoron, a Nambu-Goldstone boson that is emerging from the spontaneous symmetry breaking of a $U(1)_{L}$ or $U(1)_{B-L}$ symmetry. We show how the predicted GW power spectrum, with a realistic choice of the FOPT parameters, is consisten"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2306.17205","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2306.17205/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"R85K2SfmXeoZJ6mU4HEjzd08VAMRURHgI7xruZb/bxMt+4yL+BQg3hVPwPxm38xhf7kQIe/vjtd/LLg49FgCDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T18:49:07.940173Z"},"content_sha256":"5f6cf85de4e9c379727b813334130c77dd6c987384e656dcf0eab2ad0f7d96bf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5f6cf85de4e9c379727b813334130c77dd6c987384e656dcf0eab2ad0f7d96bf"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VBPG6J3FFSK5L54AUCOE4VSRC2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VBPG6J3FFSK5L54AUCOE4VSRC2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VBPG6J3FFSK5L54AUCOE4VSRC2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T18:49:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VBPG6J3FFSK5L54AUCOE4VSRC2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VBPG6J3FFSK5L54AUCOE4VSRC2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VBPG6J3FFSK5L54AUCOE4VSRC2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VBPG6J3FFSK5L54AUCOE4VSRC2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:VBPG6J3FFSK5L54AUCOE4VSRC2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"398843f0b4d36bb216a85abddda1488cf0d29466d7d94d846e145c095d39e66d","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2023-06-29T14:42:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"bb8a6531ae63803c2ea89a987692cf571ae9effdc31f19ae68b23b9ad374947e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2306.17205","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2306.17205","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2306.17205v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2306.17205","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VBPG6J3FFSK5","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VBPG6J3FFSK5L54A","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VBPG6J3F","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5f6cf85de4e9c379727b813334130c77dd6c987384e656dcf0eab2ad0f7d96bf","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2306.17205/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We show that the recent detection of a gravitational wave (GW) background reported by various pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations including NANOGrav-15yr, PPTA, EPTA, and CPTA can be explained in terms of first order phase transitions (FOPTs) from dark sector models (DSM). Specifically, we explore a model for first order phase transitions that involves the majoron, a Nambu-Goldstone boson that is emerging from the spontaneous symmetry breaking of a $U(1)_{L}$ or $U(1)_{B-L}$ symmetry. We show how the predicted GW power spectrum, with a realistic choice of the FOPT parameters, is consisten","authors_text":"Andrea Addazi, Antonino Marciano, Luca Visinelli, Yi-Fu Cai","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph","hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2023-06-29T14:42:24Z","title":"Have pulsar timing array methods detected a cosmological phase transition?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2306.17205","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0dcccec8ebae64dc4f199657c727674859105892df13463272585bb19775b556","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"398843f0b4d36bb216a85abddda1488cf0d29466d7d94d846e145c095d39e66d","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2023-06-29T14:42:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"bb8a6531ae63803c2ea89a987692cf571ae9effdc31f19ae68b23b9ad374947e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2306.17205","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a85e6f27652c95d5f780a09c4e565116bd3508d57ad7e824604b143c6ba5b5cb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a85e6f27652c95d5f780a09c4e565116bd3508d57ad7e824604b143c6ba5b5cb","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09.877849Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09.877849Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"eFhZx7PBT3bSIuX8o0W1zg8X2ohf9R/RRJe7ee7YxssUD1zPsliwr09HNrAGTeWyy+Um6/SY9GG5RRB+b0XABA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:39:09.878329Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2306.17205","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0dcccec8ebae64dc4f199657c727674859105892df13463272585bb19775b556","sha256:5f6cf85de4e9c379727b813334130c77dd6c987384e656dcf0eab2ad0f7d96bf"],"state_sha256":"e9b75913961e0d37843b6bcc5844a45d17519bbd302fd94019445fa32b540a2a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6Yk25sj44Vab0a9Hu/a5juCz5Wgzbn0qE2q6ALxiSWbrB2v60pAl7J1JncoXO142/4DhGlgPorCoPEWzg/aeCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T18:49:07.944268Z","bundle_sha256":"44144c4ad1a13c42989d9264586ade5771a625dd19c076d3efdd0c934a927455"}}