{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:VBRDJL6WNB7UY5OC2ZWR5B53CV","short_pith_number":"pith:VBRDJL6W","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.01142","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2018-08-03T10:08:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2067f51dcb1973a30b358522fb2a7d5ef814f6a77f201a95afbb5c96dd60c4df","abstract_canon_sha256":"c2b64d0d56233aceefe1d2283e3f565c6acc1f9e51f61e48413eee72fea404eb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a86234afd6687f4c75c2d66d1e87bb155cf2c380aae72a946415d3430c46e31e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1808.01142","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.01142","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.01142v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.01142","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VBRDJL6WNB7U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VBRDJL6WNB7UY5OC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VBRDJL6W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:VBRDJL6WNB7UY5OC2ZWR5B53CV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.01142","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2018-08-03T10:08:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2067f51dcb1973a30b358522fb2a7d5ef814f6a77f201a95afbb5c96dd60c4df","abstract_canon_sha256":"c2b64d0d56233aceefe1d2283e3f565c6acc1f9e51f61e48413eee72fea404eb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a86234afd6687f4c75c2d66d1e87bb155cf2c380aae72a946415d3430c46e31e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04.194751Z","signature_b64":"Ypp9GmRXjhuCSzT0ODzRDIvHV1+pjsq+dhIb8bejYVXOKsQEojcGE3pXDEj8pO8cipEhbVM052VRp96tNwxhCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a86234afd6687f4c75c2d66d1e87bb155cf2c380aae72a946415d3430c46e31e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04.194086Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04.194086Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1808.01142","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IoWgVbfoWrAlqzdIhOQj9/IM7rYkBuxcWI1XsAYYpAQn1b6B4QoP+BqHWv4eaCDNsol4OBeYb/Y7lQr+LMVPDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-20T19:06:38.467562Z"},"content_sha256":"718dce3f5f83ba7a627894f9d3e029eef4e76765e540a00f4d1e6d659f900821","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:718dce3f5f83ba7a627894f9d3e029eef4e76765e540a00f4d1e6d659f900821"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:VBRDJL6WNB7UY5OC2ZWR5B53CV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Streaming Instability of Multiple Particle Species in Protoplanetary Disks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Anders Johansen, Chao-Chin Yang, Noemi Schaffer","submitted_at":"2018-08-03T10:08:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"The radial drift and diffusion of dust particles in protoplanetary disks affect both the opacity and temperature of such disks as well as the location and timing of planetesimal formation. In this paper, we present results of numerical simulations of particle-gas dynamics in protoplanetary disks that include dust grains with various size distributions. We consider three scenarios in terms of particle size ranges, one where the Stokes number $\\tau_{\\rm{s}} = 10^{-1} - 10^0$, one where $\\tau_{\\rm{s}} = 10^{-4} - 10^{-1}$ and finally one where $\\tau_{\\rm{s}} = 10^{-3} - 10^{0}$. Moreover, we cons"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.01142","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pP2a8CU42807+cGC6bTyZFIo/sbT9Ho+f/UUuuV/5rCUOekIpnBD2PI5t1mG2HFAtmqyvZ9NyXPsQ0XvYHvVAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-20T19:06:38.467909Z"},"content_sha256":"8231a57ccea3185b94c6f4eccefea9f024d00cb25a2e2d19d79d5b3fc806e758","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8231a57ccea3185b94c6f4eccefea9f024d00cb25a2e2d19d79d5b3fc806e758"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VBRDJL6WNB7UY5OC2ZWR5B53CV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VBRDJL6WNB7UY5OC2ZWR5B53CV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VBRDJL6WNB7UY5OC2ZWR5B53CV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-20T19:06:38Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VBRDJL6WNB7UY5OC2ZWR5B53CV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VBRDJL6WNB7UY5OC2ZWR5B53CV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VBRDJL6WNB7UY5OC2ZWR5B53CV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VBRDJL6WNB7UY5OC2ZWR5B53CV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:VBRDJL6WNB7UY5OC2ZWR5B53CV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c2b64d0d56233aceefe1d2283e3f565c6acc1f9e51f61e48413eee72fea404eb","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2018-08-03T10:08:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"2067f51dcb1973a30b358522fb2a7d5ef814f6a77f201a95afbb5c96dd60c4df"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.01142","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.01142","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.01142v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.01142","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VBRDJL6WNB7U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VBRDJL6WNB7UY5OC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VBRDJL6W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8231a57ccea3185b94c6f4eccefea9f024d00cb25a2e2d19d79d5b3fc806e758","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The radial drift and diffusion of dust particles in protoplanetary disks affect both the opacity and temperature of such disks as well as the location and timing of planetesimal formation. In this paper, we present results of numerical simulations of particle-gas dynamics in protoplanetary disks that include dust grains with various size distributions. We consider three scenarios in terms of particle size ranges, one where the Stokes number $\\tau_{\\rm{s}} = 10^{-1} - 10^0$, one where $\\tau_{\\rm{s}} = 10^{-4} - 10^{-1}$ and finally one where $\\tau_{\\rm{s}} = 10^{-3} - 10^{0}$. Moreover, we cons","authors_text":"Anders Johansen, Chao-Chin Yang, Noemi Schaffer","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2018-08-03T10:08:25Z","title":"Streaming Instability of Multiple Particle Species in Protoplanetary Disks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.01142","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:718dce3f5f83ba7a627894f9d3e029eef4e76765e540a00f4d1e6d659f900821","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c2b64d0d56233aceefe1d2283e3f565c6acc1f9e51f61e48413eee72fea404eb","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2018-08-03T10:08:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"2067f51dcb1973a30b358522fb2a7d5ef814f6a77f201a95afbb5c96dd60c4df"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.01142","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a86234afd6687f4c75c2d66d1e87bb155cf2c380aae72a946415d3430c46e31e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a86234afd6687f4c75c2d66d1e87bb155cf2c380aae72a946415d3430c46e31e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04.194086Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04.194086Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Ypp9GmRXjhuCSzT0ODzRDIvHV1+pjsq+dhIb8bejYVXOKsQEojcGE3pXDEj8pO8cipEhbVM052VRp96tNwxhCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04.194751Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1808.01142","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:718dce3f5f83ba7a627894f9d3e029eef4e76765e540a00f4d1e6d659f900821","sha256:8231a57ccea3185b94c6f4eccefea9f024d00cb25a2e2d19d79d5b3fc806e758"],"state_sha256":"231b8c7f1804adaef95c2b8ac82bb5750cbf936f015ee5865e329d03cd599009"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MXzdFh6XD7lsh9Tx6CmoVlhLn3vtr9t6cRKz4PHn5A6v/3qw1cyC0szjMwW4lU+UodlMskVVWw+t44t2dABiBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-20T19:06:38.469809Z","bundle_sha256":"a3b629c1f02910ae4f6148e041cbf6992af08a1e885898efed667f7344cf2cef"}}