{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2012:VBZU4OH2F2XJAT2LXIIZJDU5VP","short_pith_number":"pith:VBZU4OH2","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"a8734e38fa2eae904f4bba11948e9dabcaf3a279dfad4c4e34e5d04203708b1c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1204.5482","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"The phenomenological approach to modeling the dark energy","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Martin Kunz","submitted_at":"2012-04-24T20:00:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this mini-review we discuss first why we should investigate cosmological models beyond LCDM. We then show how to describe dark energy or modified gravity models in a fluid language with the help of one background and two perturbation quantities. We review a range of dark energy models and study how they fit into the phenomenological framework, including generalizations like phantom crossing, sound speeds different from c and non-zero anisotropic stress, and how these effective quantities are linked to the underlying physical models. We also discuss the limits of what can be measured with co"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1204.5482","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-04-24T20:00:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"5c30862265bd756986d051d0b77c24da541966a22875b30e76e7870f21e1e488","abstract_canon_sha256":"830dd9ce7658fc79fb75be285224ea4804532844de654dc5ec847cf67a16b9af"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:10.583798Z","signature_b64":"PiPyXvyD36z7Az1PV3dd1knPsNr8wNZA4z/qOVrtUTL0DJiSdJjsjJnCOzpC10aANds+Xa9lnMS840AiDKOqCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a8734e38fa2eae904f4bba11948e9dabcaf3a279dfad4c4e34e5d04203708b1c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:10.583373Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:10.583373Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The phenomenological approach to modeling the dark energy","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Martin Kunz","submitted_at":"2012-04-24T20:00:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this mini-review we discuss first why we should investigate cosmological models beyond LCDM. We then show how to describe dark energy or modified gravity models in a fluid language with the help of one background and two perturbation quantities. We review a range of dark energy models and study how they fit into the phenomenological framework, including generalizations like phantom crossing, sound speeds different from c and non-zero anisotropic stress, and how these effective quantities are linked to the underlying physical models. We also discuss the limits of what can be measured with co"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1204.5482","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1204.5482","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:10.583432+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1204.5482v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:10.583432+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1204.5482","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:10.583432+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VBZU4OH2F2XJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:25.539911+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VBZU4OH2F2XJAT2L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:25.539911+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VBZU4OH2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:25.539911+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/VBZU4OH2F2XJAT2LXIIZJDU5VP","json":"https://pith.science/pith/VBZU4OH2F2XJAT2LXIIZJDU5VP.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/VBZU4OH2F2XJAT2LXIIZJDU5VP/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/VBZU4OH2F2XJAT2LXIIZJDU5VP/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/VBZU4OH2"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/VBZU4OH2F2XJAT2LXIIZJDU5VP","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/VBZU4OH2F2XJAT2LXIIZJDU5VP.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/VBZU4OH2","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1204.5482&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/VBZU4OH2F2XJAT2LXIIZJDU5VP/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/VBZU4OH2F2XJAT2LXIIZJDU5VP/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/VBZU4OH2F2XJAT2LXIIZJDU5VP/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/VBZU4OH2F2XJAT2LXIIZJDU5VP/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/VBZU4OH2F2XJAT2LXIIZJDU5VP/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/VBZU4OH2F2XJAT2LXIIZJDU5VP/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/VBZU4OH2F2XJAT2LXIIZJDU5VP/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:10.583432+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:10.583432+00:00"}