{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:VEWOMP4ZSTGOCACGXNJXRNJGBS","short_pith_number":"pith:VEWOMP4Z","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1504.03606","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2015-04-14T16:23:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"afe55c0ce8c0ea0e204775415b20b56d2959eb485ea5b1befcc3f675df6b5a8d","abstract_canon_sha256":"f1fb7c19ff5d115e19c897106e3b2d917c90341006b0bfe3f65114719aa4e7b5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a92ce63f9994cce10046bb5378b5260ca910cbfe263952f88d4e79240b1e104b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1504.03606","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1504.03606","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1504.03606v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1504.03606","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VEWOMP4ZSTGO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VEWOMP4ZSTGOCACG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VEWOMP4Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:VEWOMP4ZSTGOCACGXNJXRNJGBS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1504.03606","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2015-04-14T16:23:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"afe55c0ce8c0ea0e204775415b20b56d2959eb485ea5b1befcc3f675df6b5a8d","abstract_canon_sha256":"f1fb7c19ff5d115e19c897106e3b2d917c90341006b0bfe3f65114719aa4e7b5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a92ce63f9994cce10046bb5378b5260ca910cbfe263952f88d4e79240b1e104b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:15.051458Z","signature_b64":"h4WmI7KRQIckDNmfJcCqkatIRrOJqUSu2eZGoZklUM7FskAi5bybmWkLpyyv43Xl4VxpBgsaUiZ0qcoR1apUAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a92ce63f9994cce10046bb5378b5260ca910cbfe263952f88d4e79240b1e104b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:15.050394Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:15.050394Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1504.03606","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DEESMSQzSPlKrPUmOzv12FYGFZEO2jZdxVo70jxSpp9ya+u5aIqS54rD/mXj9w/xKKrTAVVd/Od9POYWAahuDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T21:11:29.841883Z"},"content_sha256":"0b29c369542f6d2655e7a9ebba0ff58a12f3334569d918d7e3a977d0fff60a05","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0b29c369542f6d2655e7a9ebba0ff58a12f3334569d918d7e3a977d0fff60a05"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:VEWOMP4ZSTGOCACGXNJXRNJGBS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Milestones of general relativity: Hubble's law (1929) and the expansion of the universe","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","authors_text":"M. A. H. MacCallum","submitted_at":"2015-04-14T16:23:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"Hubble's announcement of the magnitude-redshift relation \\cite{Hub29} brought about a major change in our understanding of the Universe. After tracing the pre-history of Hubble's work, and the hiatus in our understanding which his underestimate of distances led to, this review focuses on the development and success of our understanding of the expanding universe up to the present day, and the part which General Relativity plays in that success."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1504.03606","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bwa2gRtqUuJsdx0kHRVtZQ/BVxxV/oi2ss++eT4Y26ZYMvIy/7zTNCuVYy2ARyUMSoedfIzTBiEuWF3x9f16Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T21:11:29.842587Z"},"content_sha256":"4ac845da2858c767c1838a505518bbc2c8ac40a1a9084205c28efadb972a65b7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4ac845da2858c767c1838a505518bbc2c8ac40a1a9084205c28efadb972a65b7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VEWOMP4ZSTGOCACGXNJXRNJGBS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VEWOMP4ZSTGOCACGXNJXRNJGBS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VEWOMP4ZSTGOCACGXNJXRNJGBS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-23T21:11:29Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VEWOMP4ZSTGOCACGXNJXRNJGBS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VEWOMP4ZSTGOCACGXNJXRNJGBS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VEWOMP4ZSTGOCACGXNJXRNJGBS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VEWOMP4ZSTGOCACGXNJXRNJGBS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:VEWOMP4ZSTGOCACGXNJXRNJGBS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f1fb7c19ff5d115e19c897106e3b2d917c90341006b0bfe3f65114719aa4e7b5","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2015-04-14T16:23:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"afe55c0ce8c0ea0e204775415b20b56d2959eb485ea5b1befcc3f675df6b5a8d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1504.03606","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1504.03606","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1504.03606v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1504.03606","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VEWOMP4ZSTGO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VEWOMP4ZSTGOCACG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VEWOMP4Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4ac845da2858c767c1838a505518bbc2c8ac40a1a9084205c28efadb972a65b7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Hubble's announcement of the magnitude-redshift relation \\cite{Hub29} brought about a major change in our understanding of the Universe. After tracing the pre-history of Hubble's work, and the hiatus in our understanding which his underestimate of distances led to, this review focuses on the development and success of our understanding of the expanding universe up to the present day, and the part which General Relativity plays in that success.","authors_text":"M. A. H. MacCallum","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2015-04-14T16:23:18Z","title":"Milestones of general relativity: Hubble's law (1929) and the expansion of the universe"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1504.03606","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0b29c369542f6d2655e7a9ebba0ff58a12f3334569d918d7e3a977d0fff60a05","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f1fb7c19ff5d115e19c897106e3b2d917c90341006b0bfe3f65114719aa4e7b5","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2015-04-14T16:23:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"afe55c0ce8c0ea0e204775415b20b56d2959eb485ea5b1befcc3f675df6b5a8d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1504.03606","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a92ce63f9994cce10046bb5378b5260ca910cbfe263952f88d4e79240b1e104b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a92ce63f9994cce10046bb5378b5260ca910cbfe263952f88d4e79240b1e104b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:15.050394Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:15.050394Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"h4WmI7KRQIckDNmfJcCqkatIRrOJqUSu2eZGoZklUM7FskAi5bybmWkLpyyv43Xl4VxpBgsaUiZ0qcoR1apUAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:15.051458Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1504.03606","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0b29c369542f6d2655e7a9ebba0ff58a12f3334569d918d7e3a977d0fff60a05","sha256:4ac845da2858c767c1838a505518bbc2c8ac40a1a9084205c28efadb972a65b7"],"state_sha256":"37ba42358edf6da8ae021e14b44d10a528c90522d348080ff7a172861eceadcb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"joxT1LQ+Nn4mT0uBXyd3nCr0v2nUK20R703+/AWOaMvD3JoCw/vYKybn9RkoW75W2dSqLceUynuiuCC2MAejAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T21:11:29.846145Z","bundle_sha256":"b2355ae4e844e8e453bc80db32c927453a83ef1038b3fff60af6c74a786b064d"}}