{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:VGFGHKMVF7BE3ADPUHVHJO2MQR","short_pith_number":"pith:VGFGHKMV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.00428","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2025-02-01T13:33:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"78efa012a69a83808621adc4c82997cc5987d00b68008d78b438403d8d999a60","abstract_canon_sha256":"216e174ac0422d7e916f00dd6b77b56ec0c0fe96cab7e858300526abde340430"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a98a63a9952fc24d806fa1ea74bb4c846a2cdb876c5407271c94ddd3fc9e0903","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2502.00428","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.00428","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.00428v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.00428","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VGFGHKMVF7BE","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VGFGHKMVF7BE3ADP","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VGFGHKMV","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:VGFGHKMVF7BE3ADPUHVHJO2MQR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.00428","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2025-02-01T13:33:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"78efa012a69a83808621adc4c82997cc5987d00b68008d78b438403d8d999a60","abstract_canon_sha256":"216e174ac0422d7e916f00dd6b77b56ec0c0fe96cab7e858300526abde340430"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a98a63a9952fc24d806fa1ea74bb4c846a2cdb876c5407271c94ddd3fc9e0903","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33.534885Z","signature_b64":"thzaxKd2Fgs4xd9OljInC80DUC5zc1fAlW6Lq1OYpQJA5jhL8H3i0QcGx2Ayc3PfFNACTqAsSz2/jz3lZc9ICQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a98a63a9952fc24d806fa1ea74bb4c846a2cdb876c5407271c94ddd3fc9e0903","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33.534461Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33.534461Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2502.00428","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IVGtoGXFF+B+SSEKuBIcaZUyPZmuRYVhsWI+Iq8nTkiWrKXrehVpyUWsHKYBAqq+TXMEvA+OFl6gQk7uk1E8Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T15:09:21.778496Z"},"content_sha256":"5c6d8be1e7f37f3848294e209e6ef55d70a375fdb3b35c06074d5ac8b9029de4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5c6d8be1e7f37f3848294e209e6ef55d70a375fdb3b35c06074d5ac8b9029de4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:VGFGHKMVF7BE3ADPUHVHJO2MQR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Access Denied: Meaningful Data Access for Quantitative Algorithm Audits","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CY"],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"Juliette Zaccour, Luc Rocher, Reuben Binns","submitted_at":"2025-02-01T13:33:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"Independent algorithm audits hold the promise of bringing accountability to automated decision-making. However, third-party audits are often hindered by access restrictions, forcing auditors to rely on limited, low-quality data. To study how these limitations impact research integrity, we conduct audit simulations on two realistic case studies for recidivism and healthcare coverage prediction. We examine the accuracy of estimating group parity metrics across three levels of access: (a) aggregated statistics, (b) individual-level data with model outputs, and (c) individual-level data without mo"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.00428","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2502.00428/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"I5BH/8Z97PwAyjZSuM2P0ajM4sg0g+f/YbJUJ3LUBQrGsS0666URDkdMXEYyMnWRtb26+rSRZ+L1QpjChTDSBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T15:09:21.779582Z"},"content_sha256":"02bc2dd15389f9d0b2e48f5b16a83a980811bf2cabfc6f821221e5e229dfdcb7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:02bc2dd15389f9d0b2e48f5b16a83a980811bf2cabfc6f821221e5e229dfdcb7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VGFGHKMVF7BE3ADPUHVHJO2MQR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VGFGHKMVF7BE3ADPUHVHJO2MQR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VGFGHKMVF7BE3ADPUHVHJO2MQR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T15:09:21Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VGFGHKMVF7BE3ADPUHVHJO2MQR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VGFGHKMVF7BE3ADPUHVHJO2MQR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VGFGHKMVF7BE3ADPUHVHJO2MQR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VGFGHKMVF7BE3ADPUHVHJO2MQR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:VGFGHKMVF7BE3ADPUHVHJO2MQR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"216e174ac0422d7e916f00dd6b77b56ec0c0fe96cab7e858300526abde340430","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2025-02-01T13:33:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"78efa012a69a83808621adc4c82997cc5987d00b68008d78b438403d8d999a60"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.00428","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.00428","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.00428v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.00428","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VGFGHKMVF7BE","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VGFGHKMVF7BE3ADP","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VGFGHKMV","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:02bc2dd15389f9d0b2e48f5b16a83a980811bf2cabfc6f821221e5e229dfdcb7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2502.00428/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Independent algorithm audits hold the promise of bringing accountability to automated decision-making. However, third-party audits are often hindered by access restrictions, forcing auditors to rely on limited, low-quality data. To study how these limitations impact research integrity, we conduct audit simulations on two realistic case studies for recidivism and healthcare coverage prediction. We examine the accuracy of estimating group parity metrics across three levels of access: (a) aggregated statistics, (b) individual-level data with model outputs, and (c) individual-level data without mo","authors_text":"Juliette Zaccour, Luc Rocher, Reuben Binns","cross_cats":["cs.CY"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2025-02-01T13:33:45Z","title":"Access Denied: Meaningful Data Access for Quantitative Algorithm Audits"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.00428","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5c6d8be1e7f37f3848294e209e6ef55d70a375fdb3b35c06074d5ac8b9029de4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"216e174ac0422d7e916f00dd6b77b56ec0c0fe96cab7e858300526abde340430","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2025-02-01T13:33:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"78efa012a69a83808621adc4c82997cc5987d00b68008d78b438403d8d999a60"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.00428","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a98a63a9952fc24d806fa1ea74bb4c846a2cdb876c5407271c94ddd3fc9e0903","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a98a63a9952fc24d806fa1ea74bb4c846a2cdb876c5407271c94ddd3fc9e0903","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33.534461Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33.534461Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"thzaxKd2Fgs4xd9OljInC80DUC5zc1fAlW6Lq1OYpQJA5jhL8H3i0QcGx2Ayc3PfFNACTqAsSz2/jz3lZc9ICQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:33.534885Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2502.00428","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5c6d8be1e7f37f3848294e209e6ef55d70a375fdb3b35c06074d5ac8b9029de4","sha256:02bc2dd15389f9d0b2e48f5b16a83a980811bf2cabfc6f821221e5e229dfdcb7"],"state_sha256":"62666ae2b960189ecb34f7f092fd83a2317e27c66c2a3df66bd99879fc4188be"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SpCSplT1jxuN1h9zf3+FPX+9SeX3udHNbShez1sKQGSytET2qWEfCroNIuS2uT0CoTw26ZP00RKvkBF8BcnwCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T15:09:21.818257Z","bundle_sha256":"eacbbb24559283d86cbf403c45a468e59a496df3f301f464dc4684106c458480"}}