{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:VGL2K3AL7R3WKQ2TET76IHVCT2","short_pith_number":"pith:VGL2K3AL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.03344","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-01-10T19:00:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"5cf46325d0c2eca27c208d184b4c12741702f8d5fcf31e5ab1033475925f8cad","abstract_canon_sha256":"deede7d2f593e06902e97f5fc06fcb1441adba2d6c0e89c861ec7e40d7ed2561"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a997a56c0bfc7765435324ffe41ea29ebde47afd2355c572750e521fbd094f28","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1901.03344","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.03344","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.03344v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.03344","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VGL2K3AL7R3W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VGL2K3AL7R3WKQ2T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VGL2K3AL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:VGL2K3AL7R3WKQ2TET76IHVCT2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.03344","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-01-10T19:00:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"5cf46325d0c2eca27c208d184b4c12741702f8d5fcf31e5ab1033475925f8cad","abstract_canon_sha256":"deede7d2f593e06902e97f5fc06fcb1441adba2d6c0e89c861ec7e40d7ed2561"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a997a56c0bfc7765435324ffe41ea29ebde47afd2355c572750e521fbd094f28","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57.828767Z","signature_b64":"+JJRQzQ4VxvQjUjSIwodOprX3Ew+phjeYxVcF0FCs2NGr76yxSHr8bqmkNELSR3UDq15t1fL28VbRKyvgRO/Dg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a997a56c0bfc7765435324ffe41ea29ebde47afd2355c572750e521fbd094f28","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57.828184Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57.828184Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1901.03344","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"lHE1fIuaKDFdIUMWPl1+5o3GYbVLTrZ85i5kU8kTI78prEnEC7PYPgikzP6+/aJFVqofu1pI3Alu1nI4i/J0Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T08:52:21.861737Z"},"content_sha256":"dce442d99fd5245f6d87254e0a4e1792266a6745d760fe674481ae5781684d89","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dce442d99fd5245f6d87254e0a4e1792266a6745d760fe674481ae5781684d89"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:VGL2K3AL7R3WKQ2TET76IHVCT2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Constraining First Star Formation with 21cm-Cosmology","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Anna T. P. Schauer, Boyuan Liu, Volker Bromm","submitted_at":"2019-01-10T19:00:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"Within standard $\\Lambda$CDM cosmology, Population III (Pop III) star formation in minihalos of mass $M_\\mathrm{halo}\\gtrsim 5\\times10^5$ M$_\\odot$ provides the first stellar sources of Lyman$\\alpha$ (Ly$\\alpha$) photons. The Experiment to Detect the Global Epoch of Reionization Signature (EDGES) has measured a strong absorption signal of the redshifted 21 cm radiation from neutral hydrogen at $z\\approx 17$, requiring efficient formation of massive stars before then. In this paper, we investigate whether star formation in minihalos plays a significant role in establishing the early Ly$\\alpha$ "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.03344","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TKjME1rgGdJSxEtlm61K6wMOAzePXag1I6RIBS5QS3PZT7RzFBG7JfFYALbnwGm6EwE1Q8w84kwUOz/qJkGiCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T08:52:21.862343Z"},"content_sha256":"68869c61d93ac89308c8293a24e49ba50950f50369c3c53e23af68a597ed28c2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:68869c61d93ac89308c8293a24e49ba50950f50369c3c53e23af68a597ed28c2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VGL2K3AL7R3WKQ2TET76IHVCT2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VGL2K3AL7R3WKQ2TET76IHVCT2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VGL2K3AL7R3WKQ2TET76IHVCT2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T08:52:21Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VGL2K3AL7R3WKQ2TET76IHVCT2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VGL2K3AL7R3WKQ2TET76IHVCT2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VGL2K3AL7R3WKQ2TET76IHVCT2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VGL2K3AL7R3WKQ2TET76IHVCT2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:VGL2K3AL7R3WKQ2TET76IHVCT2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"deede7d2f593e06902e97f5fc06fcb1441adba2d6c0e89c861ec7e40d7ed2561","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-01-10T19:00:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"5cf46325d0c2eca27c208d184b4c12741702f8d5fcf31e5ab1033475925f8cad"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.03344","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.03344","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.03344v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.03344","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VGL2K3AL7R3W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VGL2K3AL7R3WKQ2T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VGL2K3AL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:68869c61d93ac89308c8293a24e49ba50950f50369c3c53e23af68a597ed28c2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Within standard $\\Lambda$CDM cosmology, Population III (Pop III) star formation in minihalos of mass $M_\\mathrm{halo}\\gtrsim 5\\times10^5$ M$_\\odot$ provides the first stellar sources of Lyman$\\alpha$ (Ly$\\alpha$) photons. The Experiment to Detect the Global Epoch of Reionization Signature (EDGES) has measured a strong absorption signal of the redshifted 21 cm radiation from neutral hydrogen at $z\\approx 17$, requiring efficient formation of massive stars before then. In this paper, we investigate whether star formation in minihalos plays a significant role in establishing the early Ly$\\alpha$ ","authors_text":"Anna T. P. Schauer, Boyuan Liu, Volker Bromm","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-01-10T19:00:10Z","title":"Constraining First Star Formation with 21cm-Cosmology"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.03344","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:dce442d99fd5245f6d87254e0a4e1792266a6745d760fe674481ae5781684d89","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"deede7d2f593e06902e97f5fc06fcb1441adba2d6c0e89c861ec7e40d7ed2561","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-01-10T19:00:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"5cf46325d0c2eca27c208d184b4c12741702f8d5fcf31e5ab1033475925f8cad"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.03344","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"a997a56c0bfc7765435324ffe41ea29ebde47afd2355c572750e521fbd094f28","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a997a56c0bfc7765435324ffe41ea29ebde47afd2355c572750e521fbd094f28","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57.828184Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57.828184Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"+JJRQzQ4VxvQjUjSIwodOprX3Ew+phjeYxVcF0FCs2NGr76yxSHr8bqmkNELSR3UDq15t1fL28VbRKyvgRO/Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57.828767Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1901.03344","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:dce442d99fd5245f6d87254e0a4e1792266a6745d760fe674481ae5781684d89","sha256:68869c61d93ac89308c8293a24e49ba50950f50369c3c53e23af68a597ed28c2"],"state_sha256":"f3216db47307ea52d93d105567dd59e42df276d75bcfd8d3eda8e932379414ee"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"a4DbKJxPovZhPxWyHp4whc2S1LFb3hE8dqByJwk1raWtN/BwP3CBMo8xyh095MR5XINOTQJjTrWnpd6UfMNRBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T08:52:21.865430Z","bundle_sha256":"01951c2687463c8eb11aef8abc9537bda1fdd9d10deede77f792ab82d5654614"}}