{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:VGSG3YIIB5LXEEPNMXIWGFHIXX","short_pith_number":"pith:VGSG3YII","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.28105","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2026-05-27T07:58:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"09707df4a9a7bce9957f83d90bcbe7962c2c7b033018c6e185bc27977af8b528","abstract_canon_sha256":"fd7d87d34666989557e7398a03666a470b1b41c6e7827f7c7c9e64dfed29f1c7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a9a46de1080f577211ed65d16314e8bde480228856e9219a487528fe829d568f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2605.28105","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.28105","created_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.28105v1","created_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.28105","created_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VGSG3YIIB5LX","created_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VGSG3YIIB5LXEEPN","created_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VGSG3YII","created_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:VGSG3YIIB5LXEEPNMXIWGFHIXX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.28105","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2026-05-27T07:58:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"09707df4a9a7bce9957f83d90bcbe7962c2c7b033018c6e185bc27977af8b528","abstract_canon_sha256":"fd7d87d34666989557e7398a03666a470b1b41c6e7827f7c7c9e64dfed29f1c7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a9a46de1080f577211ed65d16314e8bde480228856e9219a487528fe829d568f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58.995292Z","signature_b64":"aZE3NuyfW9SdLbpbpxUerlShTS6Q6obYgZjqKG5d+RP1MRZJuQja1y0fgy0wH5CJLxdNZPuo3YRw0V74wiORDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a9a46de1080f577211ed65d16314e8bde480228856e9219a487528fe829d568f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58.994841Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58.994841Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2605.28105","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hwL3GW2FIt+P6m5+P+iT1vy28pTfZQ0J82H5F5ikYVvuIy7tg3mXl8wfyvgLgIpO/oLi9iYpf9zIb8EM3cc+Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-12T03:59:51.967123Z"},"content_sha256":"671cf26bb92ae584359437010d05d7c7465d8d174b2b7f057f7063aefd453f30","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:671cf26bb92ae584359437010d05d7c7465d8d174b2b7f057f7063aefd453f30"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:VGSG3YIIB5LXEEPNMXIWGFHIXX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Identifying Direct Causal Effects in Latent Factor Models by Accounting for Unidentified Parents","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Andreas Gerhardus, Jakob Runge, Mathias Drton, Nils Sturma, Tom Hochsprung","submitted_at":"2026-05-27T07:58:22Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider linear structural equation models with explicitly modelled latent variables.\n  In such models, observed and latent variables solve linear equations including stochastic noise terms. The goal of our work is to identify the direct causal effects between the observed variables of interest by providing (rational) formulas in the observed covariances. Most prior identification approaches operate in the latent projection framework, where latent variables are projected away into dependent error terms. However, when the observed variables are densely confounded, even if only by a few laten"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.28105","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.28105/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dVztq9tZ/7rDywkJ3zmq/lvwKLpdn/+txlae7SbZxzapLWRM9OAfuBKvj0qI40/r7tOFl6/Eci6w0I/Lmd4ADQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-12T03:59:51.967889Z"},"content_sha256":"702818cb6abeeb1f655d3ee468743259f32dad49595dcb9c4095d7670943eefe","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:702818cb6abeeb1f655d3ee468743259f32dad49595dcb9c4095d7670943eefe"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VGSG3YIIB5LXEEPNMXIWGFHIXX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VGSG3YIIB5LXEEPNMXIWGFHIXX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VGSG3YIIB5LXEEPNMXIWGFHIXX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-12T03:59:51Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VGSG3YIIB5LXEEPNMXIWGFHIXX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VGSG3YIIB5LXEEPNMXIWGFHIXX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VGSG3YIIB5LXEEPNMXIWGFHIXX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VGSG3YIIB5LXEEPNMXIWGFHIXX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:VGSG3YIIB5LXEEPNMXIWGFHIXX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fd7d87d34666989557e7398a03666a470b1b41c6e7827f7c7c9e64dfed29f1c7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2026-05-27T07:58:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"09707df4a9a7bce9957f83d90bcbe7962c2c7b033018c6e185bc27977af8b528"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.28105","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.28105","created_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.28105v1","created_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.28105","created_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VGSG3YIIB5LX","created_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VGSG3YIIB5LXEEPN","created_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VGSG3YII","created_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:702818cb6abeeb1f655d3ee468743259f32dad49595dcb9c4095d7670943eefe","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2605.28105/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We consider linear structural equation models with explicitly modelled latent variables.\n  In such models, observed and latent variables solve linear equations including stochastic noise terms. The goal of our work is to identify the direct causal effects between the observed variables of interest by providing (rational) formulas in the observed covariances. Most prior identification approaches operate in the latent projection framework, where latent variables are projected away into dependent error terms. However, when the observed variables are densely confounded, even if only by a few laten","authors_text":"Andreas Gerhardus, Jakob Runge, Mathias Drton, Nils Sturma, Tom Hochsprung","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2026-05-27T07:58:22Z","title":"Identifying Direct Causal Effects in Latent Factor Models by Accounting for Unidentified Parents"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.28105","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:671cf26bb92ae584359437010d05d7c7465d8d174b2b7f057f7063aefd453f30","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fd7d87d34666989557e7398a03666a470b1b41c6e7827f7c7c9e64dfed29f1c7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2026-05-27T07:58:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"09707df4a9a7bce9957f83d90bcbe7962c2c7b033018c6e185bc27977af8b528"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.28105","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a9a46de1080f577211ed65d16314e8bde480228856e9219a487528fe829d568f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a9a46de1080f577211ed65d16314e8bde480228856e9219a487528fe829d568f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58.994841Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58.994841Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"aZE3NuyfW9SdLbpbpxUerlShTS6Q6obYgZjqKG5d+RP1MRZJuQja1y0fgy0wH5CJLxdNZPuo3YRw0V74wiORDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-28T01:04:58.995292Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2605.28105","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:671cf26bb92ae584359437010d05d7c7465d8d174b2b7f057f7063aefd453f30","sha256:702818cb6abeeb1f655d3ee468743259f32dad49595dcb9c4095d7670943eefe"],"state_sha256":"7be3fb329b7fba4e34d1fcbbe4fc24925a5da2b33b4228f04c866f01781c09be"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"93vDr17JnssK6KYH9Q6aUkdMS76TBWaUcPs+DaK6RSoEwpY6ja8RqEehyIUJfM6TmtY16R0WTXMR7GI1AorsCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-12T03:59:51.971794Z","bundle_sha256":"5ce6282175588ca9c714fc8e3d3fd3ea29de992affd24532412c49217cc8bc5a"}}