{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:VHFUYNCIMBWGSNHOT4A4LI56IV","short_pith_number":"pith:VHFUYNCI","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.11288","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-06-26T18:27:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"01c5e3a8e77ba6e672025ba90cb44b13313a614cfbb4ff6a52fd984f59efc561","abstract_canon_sha256":"e904f930d75989c4acb31ea3a9c46d1adc4697b5c4634d7830592d675fed96d4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a9cb4c3448606c6934ee9f01c5a3be454195bc9a1928b44765b6f4536fb9724d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1906.11288","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.11288","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.11288v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.11288","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VHFUYNCIMBWG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VHFUYNCIMBWGSNHO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VHFUYNCI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:VHFUYNCIMBWGSNHOT4A4LI56IV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.11288","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-06-26T18:27:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"01c5e3a8e77ba6e672025ba90cb44b13313a614cfbb4ff6a52fd984f59efc561","abstract_canon_sha256":"e904f930d75989c4acb31ea3a9c46d1adc4697b5c4634d7830592d675fed96d4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a9cb4c3448606c6934ee9f01c5a3be454195bc9a1928b44765b6f4536fb9724d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:07.588035Z","signature_b64":"OOWqAGzOyzyGixMG0yOiSIKlcMKZqSXcWAzrqm2srT3Izad5Feq1wgUajjTb0+GNoK+gZklX3JoIzrBC7mygAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a9cb4c3448606c6934ee9f01c5a3be454195bc9a1928b44765b6f4536fb9724d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:07.587290Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:07.587290Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1906.11288","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xQ/5A4gSCBynnp6Hf7qJoIe00pjOE3+F9KNoc/LKZskf82LfyBFVLC5xcm7kX67rbwSxWSB9RBQix7XDyaj5Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-19T16:15:03.213921Z"},"content_sha256":"beb250f40bd40cdf8ec8beb63cca0722798ac0fdfce3099d8782959bcae1b562","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:beb250f40bd40cdf8ec8beb63cca0722798ac0fdfce3099d8782959bcae1b562"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:VHFUYNCIMBWGSNHOT4A4LI56IV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Secure Client and Server Geolocation Over the Internet","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"AbdelRahman Abdou, Paul C. van Oorschot","submitted_at":"2019-06-26T18:27:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this article, we provide a summary of recent efforts towards achieving Internet geolocation securely, \\ie without allowing the entity being geolocated to cheat about its own geographic location. Cheating motivations arise from many factors, including impersonation (in the case locations are used to reinforce authentication), and gaining location-dependent benefits. In particular, we provide a technical overview of Client Presence Verification (CPV) and Server Location Verification (SLV)---two recently proposed techniques designed to verify the geographic locations of clients and servers in "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.11288","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fZVcAVsUIdN/QC/R1fpqd3JNWvBntaJc1T9UrP61gSGv+Rz/gKSklvVDbogFEF4bIOjm+9vKqL4klOCe5zgUDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-19T16:15:03.214263Z"},"content_sha256":"89d363027b747e150c2a0a22b62f30156add6a7a623637fc4f8955caff62d4fc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:89d363027b747e150c2a0a22b62f30156add6a7a623637fc4f8955caff62d4fc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VHFUYNCIMBWGSNHOT4A4LI56IV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VHFUYNCIMBWGSNHOT4A4LI56IV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VHFUYNCIMBWGSNHOT4A4LI56IV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-19T16:15:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VHFUYNCIMBWGSNHOT4A4LI56IV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VHFUYNCIMBWGSNHOT4A4LI56IV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VHFUYNCIMBWGSNHOT4A4LI56IV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VHFUYNCIMBWGSNHOT4A4LI56IV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:VHFUYNCIMBWGSNHOT4A4LI56IV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e904f930d75989c4acb31ea3a9c46d1adc4697b5c4634d7830592d675fed96d4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-06-26T18:27:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"01c5e3a8e77ba6e672025ba90cb44b13313a614cfbb4ff6a52fd984f59efc561"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.11288","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.11288","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.11288v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.11288","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VHFUYNCIMBWG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VHFUYNCIMBWGSNHO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VHFUYNCI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:89d363027b747e150c2a0a22b62f30156add6a7a623637fc4f8955caff62d4fc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this article, we provide a summary of recent efforts towards achieving Internet geolocation securely, \\ie without allowing the entity being geolocated to cheat about its own geographic location. Cheating motivations arise from many factors, including impersonation (in the case locations are used to reinforce authentication), and gaining location-dependent benefits. In particular, we provide a technical overview of Client Presence Verification (CPV) and Server Location Verification (SLV)---two recently proposed techniques designed to verify the geographic locations of clients and servers in ","authors_text":"AbdelRahman Abdou, Paul C. van Oorschot","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-06-26T18:27:28Z","title":"Secure Client and Server Geolocation Over the Internet"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.11288","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:beb250f40bd40cdf8ec8beb63cca0722798ac0fdfce3099d8782959bcae1b562","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e904f930d75989c4acb31ea3a9c46d1adc4697b5c4634d7830592d675fed96d4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-06-26T18:27:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"01c5e3a8e77ba6e672025ba90cb44b13313a614cfbb4ff6a52fd984f59efc561"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.11288","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a9cb4c3448606c6934ee9f01c5a3be454195bc9a1928b44765b6f4536fb9724d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a9cb4c3448606c6934ee9f01c5a3be454195bc9a1928b44765b6f4536fb9724d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:07.587290Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:07.587290Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"OOWqAGzOyzyGixMG0yOiSIKlcMKZqSXcWAzrqm2srT3Izad5Feq1wgUajjTb0+GNoK+gZklX3JoIzrBC7mygAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:07.588035Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1906.11288","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:beb250f40bd40cdf8ec8beb63cca0722798ac0fdfce3099d8782959bcae1b562","sha256:89d363027b747e150c2a0a22b62f30156add6a7a623637fc4f8955caff62d4fc"],"state_sha256":"fe960716ed9762d2c8e24673e382406de006bdf2901b8dc7a3a713643a2f4c17"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"keD680AJcgHlASq6lOKnlOAWQhpmNK8R+J2b2qQky30/2Z3rdui+0DxqsXZsfoBvPVFuuhW8qymqz1A5ZJraDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-19T16:15:03.216266Z","bundle_sha256":"e2cc706fac7321cbbe43855d8df5ff5df3bf63e4f50e8908ed7f492ac94dcd36"}}