{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:VLQL7LC6GVCOD7BASTT4EAKQY6","short_pith_number":"pith:VLQL7LC6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2107.06178","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2021-07-13T15:33:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"d49411012b7a766daedd840c7bfd2bbc0e73b599fa073ad0e4facde971719430","abstract_canon_sha256":"867a558ffd6b359bba1a91911d39695b37807bb132b47b3bcfe98a9707f324c9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"aae0bfac5e3544e1fc2094e7c20150c79d5f3ce1b712cd74ba49d322406d5df5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2107.06178","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2107.06178","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2107.06178v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2107.06178","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VLQL7LC6GVCO","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VLQL7LC6GVCOD7BA","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VLQL7LC6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:VLQL7LC6GVCOD7BASTT4EAKQY6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2107.06178","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2021-07-13T15:33:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"d49411012b7a766daedd840c7bfd2bbc0e73b599fa073ad0e4facde971719430","abstract_canon_sha256":"867a558ffd6b359bba1a91911d39695b37807bb132b47b3bcfe98a9707f324c9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"aae0bfac5e3544e1fc2094e7c20150c79d5f3ce1b712cd74ba49d322406d5df5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46.778963Z","signature_b64":"BiwNQJUUiGx1zMrphPKxrQL5fIEQ9KGcDtioJAMravBVYjubL7UwE1gIMPM2XXh+ilHcsSDlzmskpla9msKNDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"aae0bfac5e3544e1fc2094e7c20150c79d5f3ce1b712cd74ba49d322406d5df5","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46.778382Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46.778382Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2107.06178","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yYIh5zu9m2JnTmrfHUuVi4bP8p5c26o4zko+qj1Pm8YyljIpQWUWsqeugkvu7jRiY/DYvdacmd0bNUDzt4lyDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T22:57:24.237992Z"},"content_sha256":"2fbe491b413505b7f1421d391f4a1b1d1b73945729a67a5f53815e5d35aebdd4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2fbe491b413505b7f1421d391f4a1b1d1b73945729a67a5f53815e5d35aebdd4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:VLQL7LC6GVCOD7BASTT4EAKQY6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An Ecological Robustness-Oriented Approach for Power System Network Expansion","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SY"],"primary_cat":"eess.SY","authors_text":"Astrid Layton, Hao Huang, Katherine Davis, Varuneswara Panyam, Zeyu Mao","submitted_at":"2021-07-13T15:33:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"Power systems are critical infrastructure for reliable and secure electric energy delivery. Incidents are increasing, as unexpected multiple hazards ranging from natural disasters to cyberattacks threaten the security and functionality of society. Inspired by resilient ecosystems, this paper presents a resilient network design approach with an ecological robustness (R ECO )-oriented optimization to improve power systems' ability to maintain a secure operating state throughout unknown hazards. The approach uses R ECO , a surprisal -based metric that captures key features of an ecosystem's resil"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2107.06178","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2107.06178/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"lV3Wd+gj5EhYGf5lkJXrGzwdUO9BpTUicJZVi1atlUjc/HEgswPFfANt87pZ63aMPvRhAR3sp+xaODTJOo3+BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T22:57:24.238381Z"},"content_sha256":"0aabb0a992d829d580f598a6ed19a3f1599191852ba67a3767f78ea99d8a43a3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0aabb0a992d829d580f598a6ed19a3f1599191852ba67a3767f78ea99d8a43a3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VLQL7LC6GVCOD7BASTT4EAKQY6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VLQL7LC6GVCOD7BASTT4EAKQY6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VLQL7LC6GVCOD7BASTT4EAKQY6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-08T22:57:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VLQL7LC6GVCOD7BASTT4EAKQY6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VLQL7LC6GVCOD7BASTT4EAKQY6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VLQL7LC6GVCOD7BASTT4EAKQY6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VLQL7LC6GVCOD7BASTT4EAKQY6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:VLQL7LC6GVCOD7BASTT4EAKQY6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"867a558ffd6b359bba1a91911d39695b37807bb132b47b3bcfe98a9707f324c9","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2021-07-13T15:33:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"d49411012b7a766daedd840c7bfd2bbc0e73b599fa073ad0e4facde971719430"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2107.06178","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2107.06178","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2107.06178v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2107.06178","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VLQL7LC6GVCO","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VLQL7LC6GVCOD7BA","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VLQL7LC6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0aabb0a992d829d580f598a6ed19a3f1599191852ba67a3767f78ea99d8a43a3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2107.06178/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Power systems are critical infrastructure for reliable and secure electric energy delivery. Incidents are increasing, as unexpected multiple hazards ranging from natural disasters to cyberattacks threaten the security and functionality of society. Inspired by resilient ecosystems, this paper presents a resilient network design approach with an ecological robustness (R ECO )-oriented optimization to improve power systems' ability to maintain a secure operating state throughout unknown hazards. The approach uses R ECO , a surprisal -based metric that captures key features of an ecosystem's resil","authors_text":"Astrid Layton, Hao Huang, Katherine Davis, Varuneswara Panyam, Zeyu Mao","cross_cats":["cs.SY"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2021-07-13T15:33:17Z","title":"An Ecological Robustness-Oriented Approach for Power System Network Expansion"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2107.06178","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2fbe491b413505b7f1421d391f4a1b1d1b73945729a67a5f53815e5d35aebdd4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"867a558ffd6b359bba1a91911d39695b37807bb132b47b3bcfe98a9707f324c9","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2021-07-13T15:33:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"d49411012b7a766daedd840c7bfd2bbc0e73b599fa073ad0e4facde971719430"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2107.06178","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"aae0bfac5e3544e1fc2094e7c20150c79d5f3ce1b712cd74ba49d322406d5df5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"aae0bfac5e3544e1fc2094e7c20150c79d5f3ce1b712cd74ba49d322406d5df5","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46.778382Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46.778382Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"BiwNQJUUiGx1zMrphPKxrQL5fIEQ9KGcDtioJAMravBVYjubL7UwE1gIMPM2XXh+ilHcsSDlzmskpla9msKNDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:46.778963Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2107.06178","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2fbe491b413505b7f1421d391f4a1b1d1b73945729a67a5f53815e5d35aebdd4","sha256:0aabb0a992d829d580f598a6ed19a3f1599191852ba67a3767f78ea99d8a43a3"],"state_sha256":"83f98740de85e5a564bdbfd01f73abcc7ace05cb04a4ba4323d1e3d94868c570"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7PWuL9PFSx7GRo0SbrHZ8wxf64HAb20uC4HLWUfod//IolrJEVJ2N31Ms30NxExs6dmhlk93ZKsc0QGVhnUfBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T22:57:24.240664Z","bundle_sha256":"a8918147d8426c308eec597046a7808b0422f4a47c47e926568aec84e8fe1a92"}}