{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2023:VMJGFCM4PEZ54TOX3G3MOETAIC","short_pith_number":"pith:VMJGFCM4","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"ab1262899c7933de4dd7d9b6c7126040a57377aef4cdcf35466e2ff64a616672","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2308.10684","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Systematic Offensive Stereotyping (SOS) Bias in Language Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Fatma Elsafoury","submitted_at":"2023-08-21T12:37:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we propose a new metric to measure the SOS bias in language models (LMs). Then, we validate the SOS bias and investigate the effectiveness of removing it. Finally, we investigate the impact of the SOS bias in LMs on their performance and fairness on hate speech detection. Our results suggest that all the inspected LMs are SOS biased. And that the SOS bias is reflective of the online hate experienced by marginalized identities. The results indicate that using debias methods from the literature worsens the SOS bias in LMs for some sensitive attributes and improves it for others. F"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2308.10684","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-08-21T12:37:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b86c9dea86adfa7161ee066a26b01a7cda7b6fe304c8b5347d52362ff0240c79","abstract_canon_sha256":"b17cfade2820fcdaf5f0abbda7e56f0154a10fe96e2b2dd77ad0c1ed4a47d846"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:12:27.084047Z","signature_b64":"Ikfo3Sqt5cJFLuL9Vg55al0ienS70KyExHO/e+1Bde7iLF4+eqje2v0/m8phH0Y07R7YO1UsNgefV9OB/8yIAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ab1262899c7933de4dd7d9b6c7126040a57377aef4cdcf35466e2ff64a616672","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:12:27.083656Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:12:27.083656Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Systematic Offensive Stereotyping (SOS) Bias in Language Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Fatma Elsafoury","submitted_at":"2023-08-21T12:37:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we propose a new metric to measure the SOS bias in language models (LMs). Then, we validate the SOS bias and investigate the effectiveness of removing it. Finally, we investigate the impact of the SOS bias in LMs on their performance and fairness on hate speech detection. Our results suggest that all the inspected LMs are SOS biased. And that the SOS bias is reflective of the online hate experienced by marginalized identities. The results indicate that using debias methods from the literature worsens the SOS bias in LMs for some sensitive attributes and improves it for others. F"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2308.10684","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2308.10684/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2308.10684","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:12:27.083711+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2308.10684v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:12:27.083711+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2308.10684","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:12:27.083711+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VMJGFCM4PEZ5","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:12:27.083711+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VMJGFCM4PEZ54TOX","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:12:27.083711+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VMJGFCM4","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:12:27.083711+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":1,"internal_anchor_count":1,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2506.23111","citing_title":"FairI Tales: Evaluation of Fairness in Indian Contexts with a Focus on Bias and Stereotypes","ref_index":20,"is_internal_anchor":true}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/VMJGFCM4PEZ54TOX3G3MOETAIC","json":"https://pith.science/pith/VMJGFCM4PEZ54TOX3G3MOETAIC.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/VMJGFCM4PEZ54TOX3G3MOETAIC/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/VMJGFCM4PEZ54TOX3G3MOETAIC/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/VMJGFCM4"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/VMJGFCM4PEZ54TOX3G3MOETAIC","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/VMJGFCM4PEZ54TOX3G3MOETAIC.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/VMJGFCM4","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2308.10684&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/VMJGFCM4PEZ54TOX3G3MOETAIC/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/VMJGFCM4PEZ54TOX3G3MOETAIC/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/VMJGFCM4PEZ54TOX3G3MOETAIC/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/VMJGFCM4PEZ54TOX3G3MOETAIC/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/VMJGFCM4PEZ54TOX3G3MOETAIC/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/VMJGFCM4PEZ54TOX3G3MOETAIC/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/VMJGFCM4PEZ54TOX3G3MOETAIC/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:12:27.083711+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T08:12:27.083711+00:00"}