{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:VMS3VILFIDEOIYAO4ZZYFK6CAE","short_pith_number":"pith:VMS3VILF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2001.00229","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-12-31T13:52:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1f8dd676110b5451896193f8ecff75c0617174d4cdc96e832bafda7b1e5aa456","abstract_canon_sha256":"de85c4e6dace968f67e43ff2667b153b3c0a1a880e28342b6669c081edb37cbf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ab25baa16540c8e4600ee67382abc2010742dd83dff7e63f3b54e01b98a2be2d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2001.00229","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2001.00229","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2001.00229v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2001.00229","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VMS3VILFIDEO","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VMS3VILFIDEOIYAO","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VMS3VILF","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:VMS3VILFIDEOIYAO4ZZYFK6CAE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2001.00229","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-12-31T13:52:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1f8dd676110b5451896193f8ecff75c0617174d4cdc96e832bafda7b1e5aa456","abstract_canon_sha256":"de85c4e6dace968f67e43ff2667b153b3c0a1a880e28342b6669c081edb37cbf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ab25baa16540c8e4600ee67382abc2010742dd83dff7e63f3b54e01b98a2be2d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22.203556Z","signature_b64":"9KpHN1Bx9sQw8SN1twf0aPnaM+R7Sud21qV6jEP4R2K99cRk3r3bUBQjUNvPa8UqrJ9SzhijTZqGbAamyfk1Dg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ab25baa16540c8e4600ee67382abc2010742dd83dff7e63f3b54e01b98a2be2d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22.203170Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22.203170Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2001.00229","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+k8NXmDWFTJW2X7ZI7vQ1Erz9a10j+88wqFd9LH5UQTTUDCPt/64bXbeCS7fQMk9IFr0hmy71e/0OcuoX4CABw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T20:19:33.707758Z"},"content_sha256":"8e2fc1cbb51fefd52a496f19688fb1b3e6dd37347753fcd276161eaf59cfbd7c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8e2fc1cbb51fefd52a496f19688fb1b3e6dd37347753fcd276161eaf59cfbd7c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:VMS3VILFIDEOIYAO4ZZYFK6CAE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Shapiro time delay and the equivalence principle","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Markus P\\\"ossel","submitted_at":"2019-12-31T13:52:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"The gravitational time delay of light, also called the Shapiro time delay, is one of the four classical tests of Einstein's theory of general relativity. This article derives the Newtonian version of the Shapiro time delay from Einstein's principle of equivalence and the Newtonian description of gravity, in a manner that is accessible to undergraduate students and advanced high-school students. The derivation can be used as a pedagogical tool, similar to the way that simplified derivations of the gravitational deflection of light are used in teaching about general relativity without making use"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2001.00229","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2001.00229/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IEWuFdOSGNlC2s3gITkLHz8qCgvBpDYkRCcCnHD4iwsrJt+aa5KfJAVS+tlO9JxSOBk1Q7DSzOhN68WmidrsCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T20:19:33.708316Z"},"content_sha256":"bbbf6782b5f2e66179f21024a84a687b8c54a27669a8d765d41f23a810033d53","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bbbf6782b5f2e66179f21024a84a687b8c54a27669a8d765d41f23a810033d53"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VMS3VILFIDEOIYAO4ZZYFK6CAE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VMS3VILFIDEOIYAO4ZZYFK6CAE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VMS3VILFIDEOIYAO4ZZYFK6CAE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T20:19:33Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VMS3VILFIDEOIYAO4ZZYFK6CAE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VMS3VILFIDEOIYAO4ZZYFK6CAE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VMS3VILFIDEOIYAO4ZZYFK6CAE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VMS3VILFIDEOIYAO4ZZYFK6CAE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:VMS3VILFIDEOIYAO4ZZYFK6CAE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"de85c4e6dace968f67e43ff2667b153b3c0a1a880e28342b6669c081edb37cbf","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-12-31T13:52:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"1f8dd676110b5451896193f8ecff75c0617174d4cdc96e832bafda7b1e5aa456"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2001.00229","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2001.00229","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2001.00229v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2001.00229","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VMS3VILFIDEO","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VMS3VILFIDEOIYAO","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VMS3VILF","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:bbbf6782b5f2e66179f21024a84a687b8c54a27669a8d765d41f23a810033d53","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2001.00229/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The gravitational time delay of light, also called the Shapiro time delay, is one of the four classical tests of Einstein's theory of general relativity. This article derives the Newtonian version of the Shapiro time delay from Einstein's principle of equivalence and the Newtonian description of gravity, in a manner that is accessible to undergraduate students and advanced high-school students. The derivation can be used as a pedagogical tool, similar to the way that simplified derivations of the gravitational deflection of light are used in teaching about general relativity without making use","authors_text":"Markus P\\\"ossel","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-12-31T13:52:00Z","title":"The Shapiro time delay and the equivalence principle"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2001.00229","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8e2fc1cbb51fefd52a496f19688fb1b3e6dd37347753fcd276161eaf59cfbd7c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"de85c4e6dace968f67e43ff2667b153b3c0a1a880e28342b6669c081edb37cbf","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-12-31T13:52:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"1f8dd676110b5451896193f8ecff75c0617174d4cdc96e832bafda7b1e5aa456"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2001.00229","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ab25baa16540c8e4600ee67382abc2010742dd83dff7e63f3b54e01b98a2be2d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ab25baa16540c8e4600ee67382abc2010742dd83dff7e63f3b54e01b98a2be2d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22.203170Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22.203170Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9KpHN1Bx9sQw8SN1twf0aPnaM+R7Sud21qV6jEP4R2K99cRk3r3bUBQjUNvPa8UqrJ9SzhijTZqGbAamyfk1Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:22.203556Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2001.00229","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8e2fc1cbb51fefd52a496f19688fb1b3e6dd37347753fcd276161eaf59cfbd7c","sha256:bbbf6782b5f2e66179f21024a84a687b8c54a27669a8d765d41f23a810033d53"],"state_sha256":"4ed0277819139edb17dca5153191bb939e1cc1b4f0def51967033e919e1f151a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TkA350xePza6t22QJR8wOX2eR6mBTajl282oGBf2z4Qr45TTacL+OUZHWagD+mOZ1niB//5HwXwF5J+SOFIxCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T20:19:33.720044Z","bundle_sha256":"3fb8bab3aa512e93a7d790af97f645a0f7cae913a2c06a77755d3e2560d0bda8"}}