{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:VOD65QM4Y34FYS6BGGZHICK7V6","short_pith_number":"pith:VOD65QM4","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2011.05051","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2020-11-10T11:29:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","eess.SP","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"521bfe71031c4327c0d34a0a3a88962d133d3e60d66e34dbfd1eda50ab54e2a3","abstract_canon_sha256":"f2e410f5a9cac725443a6e9a57315c8980904c9f92c7b51f48b36571e0ac91a5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ab87eec19cc6f85c4bc131b274095faf8bdff99a9bd44b699b6debb564058f6e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2011.05051","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2011.05051","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2011.05051v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2011.05051","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VOD65QM4Y34F","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VOD65QM4Y34FYS6B","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VOD65QM4","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:VOD65QM4Y34FYS6BGGZHICK7V6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2011.05051","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2020-11-10T11:29:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","eess.SP","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"521bfe71031c4327c0d34a0a3a88962d133d3e60d66e34dbfd1eda50ab54e2a3","abstract_canon_sha256":"f2e410f5a9cac725443a6e9a57315c8980904c9f92c7b51f48b36571e0ac91a5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ab87eec19cc6f85c4bc131b274095faf8bdff99a9bd44b699b6debb564058f6e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11.695005Z","signature_b64":"AUwUlyLSTNFjxO7W8GmzrGoBBAJN1YgMg2mKZWV6MgI0iohCrNJl68/VMUaXa+HvbYrHAyJto5DF20gCHQWNDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ab87eec19cc6f85c4bc131b274095faf8bdff99a9bd44b699b6debb564058f6e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11.694564Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11.694564Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2011.05051","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UbMlyOa2G5itv7zeEK3GPlaAQsCZ1CtVAK49BDSCciGZEBwJbpkNsgRlrykqh/0AV/FibAvOjor98q56Q+xLAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T13:23:53.447543Z"},"content_sha256":"0a108db90399314747d584d0b7600aaa7a40717f84417adb35e3305d9a2fd8c8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0a108db90399314747d584d0b7600aaa7a40717f84417adb35e3305d9a2fd8c8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:VOD65QM4Y34FYS6BGGZHICK7V6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Federated Learning via Intelligent Reflecting Surface","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","eess.SP","math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.IT","authors_text":"Jiahang Qiu, Khaled B. Lataief, Liqun Fu, Wei Chen, Yong Zhou, Yuanming Shi, Zhibin Wang","submitted_at":"2020-11-10T11:29:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"Over-the-air computation (AirComp) based federated learning (FL) is capable of achieving fast model aggregation by exploiting the waveform superposition property of multiple access channels. However, the model aggregation performance is severely limited by the unfavorable wireless propagation channels. In this paper, we propose to leverage intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) to achieve fast yet reliable model aggregation for AirComp-based FL. To optimize the learning performance, we formulate an optimization problem that jointly optimizes the device selection, the aggregation beamformer at th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2011.05051","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2011.05051/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7xKTXkcx1tTWnZmL7An8gvvemq/c3vtNmQlfF3EpCW2o+9rKIm6MxLxf8t6xQKvbIe73QvjbEgh3bZ5+IZAnDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T13:23:53.448040Z"},"content_sha256":"cb5bed97a9bf7aa589bffc98cbcdaf776c04c69852e19f1cdc13f79d46f57df5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cb5bed97a9bf7aa589bffc98cbcdaf776c04c69852e19f1cdc13f79d46f57df5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VOD65QM4Y34FYS6BGGZHICK7V6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VOD65QM4Y34FYS6BGGZHICK7V6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VOD65QM4Y34FYS6BGGZHICK7V6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T13:23:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VOD65QM4Y34FYS6BGGZHICK7V6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VOD65QM4Y34FYS6BGGZHICK7V6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VOD65QM4Y34FYS6BGGZHICK7V6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VOD65QM4Y34FYS6BGGZHICK7V6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:VOD65QM4Y34FYS6BGGZHICK7V6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f2e410f5a9cac725443a6e9a57315c8980904c9f92c7b51f48b36571e0ac91a5","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","eess.SP","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2020-11-10T11:29:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"521bfe71031c4327c0d34a0a3a88962d133d3e60d66e34dbfd1eda50ab54e2a3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2011.05051","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2011.05051","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2011.05051v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2011.05051","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VOD65QM4Y34F","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VOD65QM4Y34FYS6B","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VOD65QM4","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cb5bed97a9bf7aa589bffc98cbcdaf776c04c69852e19f1cdc13f79d46f57df5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2011.05051/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Over-the-air computation (AirComp) based federated learning (FL) is capable of achieving fast model aggregation by exploiting the waveform superposition property of multiple access channels. However, the model aggregation performance is severely limited by the unfavorable wireless propagation channels. In this paper, we propose to leverage intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) to achieve fast yet reliable model aggregation for AirComp-based FL. To optimize the learning performance, we formulate an optimization problem that jointly optimizes the device selection, the aggregation beamformer at th","authors_text":"Jiahang Qiu, Khaled B. Lataief, Liqun Fu, Wei Chen, Yong Zhou, Yuanming Shi, Zhibin Wang","cross_cats":["cs.LG","eess.SP","math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2020-11-10T11:29:57Z","title":"Federated Learning via Intelligent Reflecting Surface"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2011.05051","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0a108db90399314747d584d0b7600aaa7a40717f84417adb35e3305d9a2fd8c8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f2e410f5a9cac725443a6e9a57315c8980904c9f92c7b51f48b36571e0ac91a5","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","eess.SP","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2020-11-10T11:29:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"521bfe71031c4327c0d34a0a3a88962d133d3e60d66e34dbfd1eda50ab54e2a3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2011.05051","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"ab87eec19cc6f85c4bc131b274095faf8bdff99a9bd44b699b6debb564058f6e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ab87eec19cc6f85c4bc131b274095faf8bdff99a9bd44b699b6debb564058f6e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11.694564Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11.694564Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"AUwUlyLSTNFjxO7W8GmzrGoBBAJN1YgMg2mKZWV6MgI0iohCrNJl68/VMUaXa+HvbYrHAyJto5DF20gCHQWNDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:11.695005Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2011.05051","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0a108db90399314747d584d0b7600aaa7a40717f84417adb35e3305d9a2fd8c8","sha256:cb5bed97a9bf7aa589bffc98cbcdaf776c04c69852e19f1cdc13f79d46f57df5"],"state_sha256":"fff134172236fd5318bb45110ecabad798eff4a3685f6a689f4fbf27d1e66276"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9YJfaR9eshjobVT7T6PmHfKW/V7pciPgwLdwAkXIV7QZqrlQXOgZChhw06CFEyLA8HgXKH+Oa9tOvucjo8o1Cw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T13:23:53.451746Z","bundle_sha256":"213df10e84c13d585f443fcbfa16e84e5a739df2e9eb6e3bd0d9dae54ad556a6"}}