{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2002:VONJRQ2DSCIV3Z3YWPZ5DU424I","short_pith_number":"pith:VONJRQ2D","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0212087","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2002-12-03T23:17:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4caa69fe039a165ef4db8891fcb003e51ba777919a2c78b844d879b0fcacf409","abstract_canon_sha256":"f4e4ebec3eccccbec55ef54683b29a9186d5425ece6eb932655bd591702d9213"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ab9a98c34390915de778b3f3d1d39ae210d0413c4e862710d0945b0ce5fdc5bd","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/0212087","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0212087","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0212087v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0212087","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VONJRQ2DSCIV","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VONJRQ2DSCIV3Z3Y","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VONJRQ2D","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2002:VONJRQ2DSCIV3Z3YWPZ5DU424I","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0212087","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2002-12-03T23:17:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4caa69fe039a165ef4db8891fcb003e51ba777919a2c78b844d879b0fcacf409","abstract_canon_sha256":"f4e4ebec3eccccbec55ef54683b29a9186d5425ece6eb932655bd591702d9213"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ab9a98c34390915de778b3f3d1d39ae210d0413c4e862710d0945b0ce5fdc5bd","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21.217501Z","signature_b64":"xry+jruSPkqAvh0Mx/g7eALU6O06zIibzlY1eGQMRBInK3pk3EZKuWYXzqvhidz94SsAUhfs9hUiBiFi4zJmDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ab9a98c34390915de778b3f3d1d39ae210d0413c4e862710d0945b0ce5fdc5bd","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21.217114Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21.217114Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/0212087","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5BXXZPG5KLPfZeWYdoVE3+bsHNfzBQPoGryJ8oTnFquPDFIxXAi8kL5V1f6bPpnhxQZ86MVAgzyhTpS3eeE/Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:02.262807Z"},"content_sha256":"f3d748900cb578986265d92cd869f5ab9d44424aa2e7a8c5e2bc7cbcf9085974","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f3d748900cb578986265d92cd869f5ab9d44424aa2e7a8c5e2bc7cbcf9085974"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2002:VONJRQ2DSCIV3Z3YWPZ5DU424I","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Average spectra of massive galaxies in the SDSS","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Alex Szalay, Andrew J. Connolly, Daniel J. Eisenstein, David J. Schlegel, David W. Hogg, Donald P. Schneider, Don G. York, Don Q. Lamb, Douglas P. Finkbeiner, Istvan Csabai, James E. Gunn, J. Brinkmann, Jeffrey A. Munn, Jon Loveday, Mariangela Bernardi, Masataka Fukugita, Michael A. Strauss, Osamu Nakamura, Robert C. Nichol, Zeljko Ivezic","submitted_at":"2002-12-03T23:17:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"We combine Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectra of 22,000 luminous, red, bulge-dominated galaxies to get high S/N average spectra in the rest-frame optical and ultraviolet (2600A to 7000A). The average spectra of these massive, quiescent galaxies are early-type with weak emission lines and with absorption lines indicating an apparent excess of alpha elements over solar abundance ratios. We make average spectra of subsamples selected by luminosity, environment and redshift. The average spectra are remarkable in their similarity. What variations do exist in the average spectra as a function of lumin"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0212087","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0212087/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xws4ZMLZCiNGBPviUnASeWu9WMJWtWTqNRvnefHfOUR3vuRuo63pV3e/+TOkH9CKtiJtEsWhyJVtAUm7ytbtBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:02.263182Z"},"content_sha256":"22e76f71885188b56d8aee3406c65402a0739beaccd0dacaa4026601d1f4f818","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:22e76f71885188b56d8aee3406c65402a0739beaccd0dacaa4026601d1f4f818"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VONJRQ2DSCIV3Z3YWPZ5DU424I/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VONJRQ2DSCIV3Z3YWPZ5DU424I/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VONJRQ2DSCIV3Z3YWPZ5DU424I/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VONJRQ2DSCIV3Z3YWPZ5DU424I","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VONJRQ2DSCIV3Z3YWPZ5DU424I/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VONJRQ2DSCIV3Z3YWPZ5DU424I/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VONJRQ2DSCIV3Z3YWPZ5DU424I/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2002:VONJRQ2DSCIV3Z3YWPZ5DU424I","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f4e4ebec3eccccbec55ef54683b29a9186d5425ece6eb932655bd591702d9213","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2002-12-03T23:17:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"4caa69fe039a165ef4db8891fcb003e51ba777919a2c78b844d879b0fcacf409"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0212087","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0212087","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0212087v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0212087","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VONJRQ2DSCIV","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VONJRQ2DSCIV3Z3Y","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VONJRQ2D","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:22e76f71885188b56d8aee3406c65402a0739beaccd0dacaa4026601d1f4f818","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0212087/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We combine Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectra of 22,000 luminous, red, bulge-dominated galaxies to get high S/N average spectra in the rest-frame optical and ultraviolet (2600A to 7000A). The average spectra of these massive, quiescent galaxies are early-type with weak emission lines and with absorption lines indicating an apparent excess of alpha elements over solar abundance ratios. We make average spectra of subsamples selected by luminosity, environment and redshift. The average spectra are remarkable in their similarity. What variations do exist in the average spectra as a function of lumin","authors_text":"Alex Szalay, Andrew J. Connolly, Daniel J. Eisenstein, David J. Schlegel, David W. Hogg, Donald P. Schneider, Don G. York, Don Q. Lamb, Douglas P. Finkbeiner, Istvan Csabai, James E. Gunn, J. Brinkmann, Jeffrey A. Munn, Jon Loveday, Mariangela Bernardi, Masataka Fukugita, Michael A. Strauss, Osamu Nakamura, Robert C. Nichol, Zeljko Ivezic","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2002-12-03T23:17:54Z","title":"Average spectra of massive galaxies in the SDSS"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0212087","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f3d748900cb578986265d92cd869f5ab9d44424aa2e7a8c5e2bc7cbcf9085974","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f4e4ebec3eccccbec55ef54683b29a9186d5425ece6eb932655bd591702d9213","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2002-12-03T23:17:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"4caa69fe039a165ef4db8891fcb003e51ba777919a2c78b844d879b0fcacf409"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0212087","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ab9a98c34390915de778b3f3d1d39ae210d0413c4e862710d0945b0ce5fdc5bd","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ab9a98c34390915de778b3f3d1d39ae210d0413c4e862710d0945b0ce5fdc5bd","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21.217114Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21.217114Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xry+jruSPkqAvh0Mx/g7eALU6O06zIibzlY1eGQMRBInK3pk3EZKuWYXzqvhidz94SsAUhfs9hUiBiFi4zJmDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:31:21.217501Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/0212087","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f3d748900cb578986265d92cd869f5ab9d44424aa2e7a8c5e2bc7cbcf9085974","sha256:22e76f71885188b56d8aee3406c65402a0739beaccd0dacaa4026601d1f4f818"],"state_sha256":"2dacc61f1f36f02c5d8e6a20084536bf8f1b419a4f38af418b25f24d3b1bffb5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yKjLRw8vR+dCXR0ZNsHxaAlJgWwXmESl96K7jguAssddK1aiMXpr9rxWN4/x3BUzKKMY1k3m+ewHRmw7k98QDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:02.265068Z","bundle_sha256":"fbced1c388edae553b1e75ca796d97656e911137f5c9f758f8f630dc4ded198b"}}