{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:VOPSUG2XRQ5IFUIWE4PE7TCAAY","short_pith_number":"pith:VOPSUG2X","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2306.10512","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-06-18T09:54:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c4c233eaf3585868bf513f0a84b020b24bcaa1e08ab333aac7e6927104fb783b","abstract_canon_sha256":"f23ac50bd3ab5cfb88510e450f7fb05c83a0f45f71ed1e36a3f779bcf3f8e6a6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ab9f2a1b578c3a82d116271e4fcc4006147a0295a26621fec8a3d08efca6f9ee","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2306.10512","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2306.10512","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2306.10512v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2306.10512","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VOPSUG2XRQ5I","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VOPSUG2XRQ5IFUIW","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VOPSUG2X","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:VOPSUG2XRQ5IFUIWE4PE7TCAAY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2306.10512","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-06-18T09:54:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c4c233eaf3585868bf513f0a84b020b24bcaa1e08ab333aac7e6927104fb783b","abstract_canon_sha256":"f23ac50bd3ab5cfb88510e450f7fb05c83a0f45f71ed1e36a3f779bcf3f8e6a6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ab9f2a1b578c3a82d116271e4fcc4006147a0295a26621fec8a3d08efca6f9ee","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56.227756Z","signature_b64":"0l8QhpY+nbrLRA599s2b58nFX8LCMiVnh+pWOmHwp20xq3c3dRoF1poxszMWmlbo+k2Xx/Svlatwg7SCn7ZLAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ab9f2a1b578c3a82d116271e4fcc4006147a0295a26621fec8a3d08efca6f9ee","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56.227269Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56.227269Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2306.10512","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"te8t083CN4gV8ry06Wa0uDxMRG6zGDlbhZcEi1yzjziJhDOqb7dnMhVDFHG9UWQI4YhNg0gG19nrSPOwwgIGBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T04:07:02.211339Z"},"content_sha256":"dabc296d879e616827ef765222aaab1eca3556541aa6a57b8ccfc1c0727aa952","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dabc296d879e616827ef765222aaab1eca3556541aa6a57b8ccfc1c0727aa952"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:VOPSUG2XRQ5IFUIWE4PE7TCAAY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Position: AI Evaluation Should Learn from How We Test Humans","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Enhong Chen, Jiyun Zu, Patrick C. Kyllonen, Qi Liu, Shijin Wang, Yan Zhuang, Zachary A. Pardos, Zhenya Huang","submitted_at":"2023-06-18T09:54:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"As AI systems continue to evolve, their rigorous evaluation becomes crucial for their development and deployment. Researchers have constructed various large-scale benchmarks to determine their capabilities, typically against a gold-standard test set and report metrics averaged across all items. However, this static evaluation paradigm increasingly shows its limitations, including high evaluation costs, data contamination, and the impact of low-quality or erroneous items on evaluation reliability and efficiency. In this Position, drawing from human psychometrics, we discuss a paradigm shift fro"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2306.10512","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2306.10512/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vAn3HHVdeP26/zzu3HELAocgAp3MLJO3Co74ny+YIm6DaMwy8aUC1Qe3KGSIRoMWKs2tRZ582nv5jDANumesDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T04:07:02.211855Z"},"content_sha256":"1ee44ece6ba02ec2dafaf63899b134cdc1b24008a0c58ea07acb7117f3a7cc0f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1ee44ece6ba02ec2dafaf63899b134cdc1b24008a0c58ea07acb7117f3a7cc0f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VOPSUG2XRQ5IFUIWE4PE7TCAAY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VOPSUG2XRQ5IFUIWE4PE7TCAAY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VOPSUG2XRQ5IFUIWE4PE7TCAAY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T04:07:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VOPSUG2XRQ5IFUIWE4PE7TCAAY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VOPSUG2XRQ5IFUIWE4PE7TCAAY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VOPSUG2XRQ5IFUIWE4PE7TCAAY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VOPSUG2XRQ5IFUIWE4PE7TCAAY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:VOPSUG2XRQ5IFUIWE4PE7TCAAY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f23ac50bd3ab5cfb88510e450f7fb05c83a0f45f71ed1e36a3f779bcf3f8e6a6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-06-18T09:54:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"c4c233eaf3585868bf513f0a84b020b24bcaa1e08ab333aac7e6927104fb783b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2306.10512","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2306.10512","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2306.10512v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2306.10512","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VOPSUG2XRQ5I","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VOPSUG2XRQ5IFUIW","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VOPSUG2X","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1ee44ece6ba02ec2dafaf63899b134cdc1b24008a0c58ea07acb7117f3a7cc0f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2306.10512/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"As AI systems continue to evolve, their rigorous evaluation becomes crucial for their development and deployment. Researchers have constructed various large-scale benchmarks to determine their capabilities, typically against a gold-standard test set and report metrics averaged across all items. However, this static evaluation paradigm increasingly shows its limitations, including high evaluation costs, data contamination, and the impact of low-quality or erroneous items on evaluation reliability and efficiency. In this Position, drawing from human psychometrics, we discuss a paradigm shift fro","authors_text":"Enhong Chen, Jiyun Zu, Patrick C. Kyllonen, Qi Liu, Shijin Wang, Yan Zhuang, Zachary A. Pardos, Zhenya Huang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-06-18T09:54:33Z","title":"Position: AI Evaluation Should Learn from How We Test Humans"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2306.10512","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:dabc296d879e616827ef765222aaab1eca3556541aa6a57b8ccfc1c0727aa952","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f23ac50bd3ab5cfb88510e450f7fb05c83a0f45f71ed1e36a3f779bcf3f8e6a6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-06-18T09:54:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"c4c233eaf3585868bf513f0a84b020b24bcaa1e08ab333aac7e6927104fb783b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2306.10512","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"ab9f2a1b578c3a82d116271e4fcc4006147a0295a26621fec8a3d08efca6f9ee","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ab9f2a1b578c3a82d116271e4fcc4006147a0295a26621fec8a3d08efca6f9ee","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56.227269Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56.227269Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"0l8QhpY+nbrLRA599s2b58nFX8LCMiVnh+pWOmHwp20xq3c3dRoF1poxszMWmlbo+k2Xx/Svlatwg7SCn7ZLAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:56.227756Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2306.10512","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:dabc296d879e616827ef765222aaab1eca3556541aa6a57b8ccfc1c0727aa952","sha256:1ee44ece6ba02ec2dafaf63899b134cdc1b24008a0c58ea07acb7117f3a7cc0f"],"state_sha256":"5cfb001860d1c9cd41934ff8d0a5806fd2f09fc64c6fdeadcf7bb040cac9ec53"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vNfAhUeDU7pTy1cO8N9SDuWRU4YAyvx+92uLmccDetc+6/+chHnF9NwjB55L+ky76YYcrx5GZhYzRFjASqaRAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T04:07:02.215562Z","bundle_sha256":"fa4c33339c87d87c26a1170537e680e7c0675df1b1f91f18ee25d9fb6a9528b4"}}