{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:VR2VCL6YNMHG2OX3BZ635QJO5F","short_pith_number":"pith:VR2VCL6Y","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1110.1663","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2011-10-07T21:34:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"58952f7c08bd6eeb222ec34be466ccc5ffcae9429e5621020df9262d8796c244","abstract_canon_sha256":"546dd5ec70defc1225af98be03cf852e74617d025d0f33cc35bc94e0a97f980e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ac75512fd86b0e6d3afb0e7dbec12ee9512b545ae2db8ffc3ff9d0f9d77361f4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1110.1663","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1110.1663","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1110.1663v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1110.1663","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VR2VCL6YNMHG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VR2VCL6YNMHG2OX3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VR2VCL6Y","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:44Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:VR2VCL6YNMHG2OX3BZ635QJO5F","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1110.1663","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2011-10-07T21:34:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"58952f7c08bd6eeb222ec34be466ccc5ffcae9429e5621020df9262d8796c244","abstract_canon_sha256":"546dd5ec70defc1225af98be03cf852e74617d025d0f33cc35bc94e0a97f980e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ac75512fd86b0e6d3afb0e7dbec12ee9512b545ae2db8ffc3ff9d0f9d77361f4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45.530261Z","signature_b64":"JhQvRKSSGi/sg5EHKzjCRKK8C9ml9/lhm5lK331mG6tgndsNtMIaGR3TvfLZK0WCKoPxW4jD72VuHFMdrmS+AQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ac75512fd86b0e6d3afb0e7dbec12ee9512b545ae2db8ffc3ff9d0f9d77361f4","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45.529668Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45.529668Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1110.1663","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1hocuWTcxxLCzFf039zYVvABVVf/AdiQ5rkUhQN04Y2UrcXwbh2QxftDQ987W3hxB8ka3Lgaj14tcSpf3LLzAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T14:30:26.338082Z"},"content_sha256":"caaea0f4bf115b7571d6278b260c752125010e656bb939b6415799c70032868c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:caaea0f4bf115b7571d6278b260c752125010e656bb939b6415799c70032868c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:VR2VCL6YNMHG2OX3BZ635QJO5F","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Avoiding metallic walls: Use of modal superposition in plasmonic waveguides to reduce propagation loss","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Francisco J. Rodr\\'iguez-Fortu\\~no, Nader Engheta","submitted_at":"2011-10-07T21:34:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"We theoretically explore the possibility of reducing the propagation loss in a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide, using mode combinations to achieve wall-avoiding field distributions along a certain propagation length. We present analytical results for several waveguides showing notable loss reduction, and we discuss the tradeoffs between low loss and high confinement present in this technique."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1110.1663","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yxa+kBu2CI0/anYUjVMxl5fjEjbzBVN8DgfdQNRYwHr6PrAEeCQ0Y3GH9gaOYLpqPiXbBCLe5jBL13rUeCWFAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T14:30:26.338557Z"},"content_sha256":"75de31dcc09519eaebbfa52d90bfc39b264e49dc8dfe4fd339563e8387690303","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:75de31dcc09519eaebbfa52d90bfc39b264e49dc8dfe4fd339563e8387690303"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VR2VCL6YNMHG2OX3BZ635QJO5F/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VR2VCL6YNMHG2OX3BZ635QJO5F/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VR2VCL6YNMHG2OX3BZ635QJO5F/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T14:30:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VR2VCL6YNMHG2OX3BZ635QJO5F","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VR2VCL6YNMHG2OX3BZ635QJO5F/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VR2VCL6YNMHG2OX3BZ635QJO5F/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VR2VCL6YNMHG2OX3BZ635QJO5F/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:VR2VCL6YNMHG2OX3BZ635QJO5F","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"546dd5ec70defc1225af98be03cf852e74617d025d0f33cc35bc94e0a97f980e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2011-10-07T21:34:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"58952f7c08bd6eeb222ec34be466ccc5ffcae9429e5621020df9262d8796c244"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1110.1663","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1110.1663","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1110.1663v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1110.1663","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VR2VCL6YNMHG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VR2VCL6YNMHG2OX3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VR2VCL6Y","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:44Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:75de31dcc09519eaebbfa52d90bfc39b264e49dc8dfe4fd339563e8387690303","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We theoretically explore the possibility of reducing the propagation loss in a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide, using mode combinations to achieve wall-avoiding field distributions along a certain propagation length. We present analytical results for several waveguides showing notable loss reduction, and we discuss the tradeoffs between low loss and high confinement present in this technique.","authors_text":"Francisco J. Rodr\\'iguez-Fortu\\~no, Nader Engheta","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2011-10-07T21:34:53Z","title":"Avoiding metallic walls: Use of modal superposition in plasmonic waveguides to reduce propagation loss"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1110.1663","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:caaea0f4bf115b7571d6278b260c752125010e656bb939b6415799c70032868c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"546dd5ec70defc1225af98be03cf852e74617d025d0f33cc35bc94e0a97f980e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2011-10-07T21:34:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"58952f7c08bd6eeb222ec34be466ccc5ffcae9429e5621020df9262d8796c244"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1110.1663","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ac75512fd86b0e6d3afb0e7dbec12ee9512b545ae2db8ffc3ff9d0f9d77361f4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ac75512fd86b0e6d3afb0e7dbec12ee9512b545ae2db8ffc3ff9d0f9d77361f4","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45.529668Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45.529668Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JhQvRKSSGi/sg5EHKzjCRKK8C9ml9/lhm5lK331mG6tgndsNtMIaGR3TvfLZK0WCKoPxW4jD72VuHFMdrmS+AQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45.530261Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1110.1663","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:caaea0f4bf115b7571d6278b260c752125010e656bb939b6415799c70032868c","sha256:75de31dcc09519eaebbfa52d90bfc39b264e49dc8dfe4fd339563e8387690303"],"state_sha256":"557af7edd0a85381d840f72e1b8325e37af6d79cbdd9e4ed6f526af0626aa324"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rOD3DzS0Pq/SIk+v2Di+IZ+H1XCuiL5adBApK5fpriqCdtPY9a16VcYOgs/MpVvVU3EbnujCjMENjka9+q+/CQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T14:30:26.340562Z","bundle_sha256":"808c6a4506cc480ca0acb587903d9f43168d5f163986559355b276189589fbb5"}}