{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:VR3L7XCLEDSZLV2JJZ5XH2RDDX","short_pith_number":"pith:VR3L7XCL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.04173","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-09-11T21:20:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fb1f2c3314d7c492d0aa29cc2e8d37ed5c28e112585578f9a116d9ae2c949c17","abstract_canon_sha256":"1865c48ce55f94cb01c090e44c6a6637f3819282499a01b7eca868f01e723f9e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ac76bfdc4b20e595d7494e7b73ea231dc3ac52348a631769907e08ca65566fdf","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1809.04173","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.04173","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.04173v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.04173","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VR3L7XCLEDSZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VR3L7XCLEDSZLV2J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VR3L7XCL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:VR3L7XCLEDSZLV2JJZ5XH2RDDX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.04173","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-09-11T21:20:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fb1f2c3314d7c492d0aa29cc2e8d37ed5c28e112585578f9a116d9ae2c949c17","abstract_canon_sha256":"1865c48ce55f94cb01c090e44c6a6637f3819282499a01b7eca868f01e723f9e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ac76bfdc4b20e595d7494e7b73ea231dc3ac52348a631769907e08ca65566fdf","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:55.297304Z","signature_b64":"yQ/FFetNDps0BgCkomJO6u6P10Nv8VUNMqbA2+jf55mrNUGSsiik8+r2+7DgKkqo9vqpwh4P8+vhRpIHJ2tADg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ac76bfdc4b20e595d7494e7b73ea231dc3ac52348a631769907e08ca65566fdf","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:55.296754Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:55.296754Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1809.04173","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Q4k2UEUrM95xDjdhKbzWpn3NlrCwNCk7Rwr0tvcNzQqVlnZYPDPsEnHcilATNbmf4+XoMayhEZ5PkVkdp7J2BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T07:37:06.127762Z"},"content_sha256":"bb9311cb05071f39de9c04d8f4c2385ed0d147c2018065788a6372bc42d81564","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bb9311cb05071f39de9c04d8f4c2385ed0d147c2018065788a6372bc42d81564"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:VR3L7XCLEDSZLV2JJZ5XH2RDDX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Notes on the Onset of Clustering in Gas-Solid HCS","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Christine M. Hrenya, William D. Fullmer, Xiaolong Yin, Xiaoqi Li","submitted_at":"2018-09-11T21:20:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"This study contributes to the body of work on instabilities in the homogeneous cooling system focusing on clustering in the multiphase gas-particle system. The critical system size for the onset of instability, $L^*_c$, is studied via three different numerical methods: i) particle resolved direct numerical simulation; ii) computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method; and iii) a two-fluid model derived from kinetic theory. In general, the $L^*_c$ results at several concentrations, inelasticities and initial thermal Reynolds numbers are in good qualitative agreement with one another. Add"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.04173","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nmpHygz9jJmSMQ1fxYk2XDdkiuLaOIvY79c8+ZOdDK/cowoXHhfvz/f+NblWAR5FKFlVj90a82BREIVYmTa6Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T07:37:06.128180Z"},"content_sha256":"4dc45c01955506871c16bca6eb1f5a41bb1f1b5975714146c1d43e406e228864","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4dc45c01955506871c16bca6eb1f5a41bb1f1b5975714146c1d43e406e228864"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VR3L7XCLEDSZLV2JJZ5XH2RDDX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VR3L7XCLEDSZLV2JJZ5XH2RDDX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VR3L7XCLEDSZLV2JJZ5XH2RDDX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T07:37:06Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VR3L7XCLEDSZLV2JJZ5XH2RDDX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VR3L7XCLEDSZLV2JJZ5XH2RDDX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VR3L7XCLEDSZLV2JJZ5XH2RDDX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VR3L7XCLEDSZLV2JJZ5XH2RDDX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:VR3L7XCLEDSZLV2JJZ5XH2RDDX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1865c48ce55f94cb01c090e44c6a6637f3819282499a01b7eca868f01e723f9e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-09-11T21:20:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"fb1f2c3314d7c492d0aa29cc2e8d37ed5c28e112585578f9a116d9ae2c949c17"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.04173","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.04173","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.04173v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.04173","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VR3L7XCLEDSZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VR3L7XCLEDSZLV2J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VR3L7XCL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4dc45c01955506871c16bca6eb1f5a41bb1f1b5975714146c1d43e406e228864","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This study contributes to the body of work on instabilities in the homogeneous cooling system focusing on clustering in the multiphase gas-particle system. The critical system size for the onset of instability, $L^*_c$, is studied via three different numerical methods: i) particle resolved direct numerical simulation; ii) computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method; and iii) a two-fluid model derived from kinetic theory. In general, the $L^*_c$ results at several concentrations, inelasticities and initial thermal Reynolds numbers are in good qualitative agreement with one another. Add","authors_text":"Christine M. Hrenya, William D. Fullmer, Xiaolong Yin, Xiaoqi Li","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-09-11T21:20:15Z","title":"Notes on the Onset of Clustering in Gas-Solid HCS"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.04173","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:bb9311cb05071f39de9c04d8f4c2385ed0d147c2018065788a6372bc42d81564","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1865c48ce55f94cb01c090e44c6a6637f3819282499a01b7eca868f01e723f9e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-09-11T21:20:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"fb1f2c3314d7c492d0aa29cc2e8d37ed5c28e112585578f9a116d9ae2c949c17"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.04173","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ac76bfdc4b20e595d7494e7b73ea231dc3ac52348a631769907e08ca65566fdf","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ac76bfdc4b20e595d7494e7b73ea231dc3ac52348a631769907e08ca65566fdf","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:55.296754Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:55.296754Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"yQ/FFetNDps0BgCkomJO6u6P10Nv8VUNMqbA2+jf55mrNUGSsiik8+r2+7DgKkqo9vqpwh4P8+vhRpIHJ2tADg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:55.297304Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1809.04173","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:bb9311cb05071f39de9c04d8f4c2385ed0d147c2018065788a6372bc42d81564","sha256:4dc45c01955506871c16bca6eb1f5a41bb1f1b5975714146c1d43e406e228864"],"state_sha256":"271db8ad26f7038547ba2bd653762a73ae2b5df8c1410b282ce129d211c33a1b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6Ww8BL8L53CMkNbNCHo2L5c+sNYvzeq8wd80NXCEG0xQJv0qAlVlHXDK4juCSwOyXNE7SY/xJNJbniTCupARBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T07:37:06.130584Z","bundle_sha256":"589118a2082bf9089e3fbddbac698b094c0c3bc860975911c7976992411d372c"}}