{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2021:VR5CMMMJ7BCYSTTD4NFBFZKK3H","short_pith_number":"pith:VR5CMMMJ","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"ac7a263189f845894e63e34a12e54ad9e77eeaa17e6bcb4e35b9e6529cd85c02","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2102.00894","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Multilingual LAMA: Investigating Knowledge in Multilingual Pretrained Language Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Hinrich Sch\\\"utze, Nora Kassner, Philipp Dufter","submitted_at":"2021-02-01T15:07:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recently, it has been found that monolingual English language models can be used as knowledge bases. Instead of structural knowledge base queries, masked sentences such as \"Paris is the capital of [MASK]\" are used as probes. We translate the established benchmarks TREx and GoogleRE into 53 languages. Working with mBERT, we investigate three questions. (i) Can mBERT be used as a multilingual knowledge base? Most prior work only considers English. Extending research to multiple languages is important for diversity and accessibility. (ii) Is mBERT's performance as knowledge base language-independ"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2102.00894","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-02-01T15:07:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b2143d062a54203ba259304dac855371fef94a76972806729c54e87fb5241a76","abstract_canon_sha256":"92557517f59b23690c55b55f90410d85ffb60432dedec172f30e08d9d11b8676"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:16.245331Z","signature_b64":"cIbachb1cwV8k2A1COH4u5kULRYTdJGC1enNZ9u4FRw6x0Of+Q9QX73fj28h1uIJBEXPlDgd2Ah0TzT66zjSCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ac7a263189f845894e63e34a12e54ad9e77eeaa17e6bcb4e35b9e6529cd85c02","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:16.244865Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:16.244865Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Multilingual LAMA: Investigating Knowledge in Multilingual Pretrained Language Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Hinrich Sch\\\"utze, Nora Kassner, Philipp Dufter","submitted_at":"2021-02-01T15:07:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recently, it has been found that monolingual English language models can be used as knowledge bases. Instead of structural knowledge base queries, masked sentences such as \"Paris is the capital of [MASK]\" are used as probes. We translate the established benchmarks TREx and GoogleRE into 53 languages. Working with mBERT, we investigate three questions. (i) Can mBERT be used as a multilingual knowledge base? Most prior work only considers English. Extending research to multiple languages is important for diversity and accessibility. (ii) Is mBERT's performance as knowledge base language-independ"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2102.00894","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2102.00894/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2102.00894","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:16.244919+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2102.00894v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:16.244919+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2102.00894","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:16.244919+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VR5CMMMJ7BCY","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:16.244919+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VR5CMMMJ7BCYSTTD","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:16.244919+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VR5CMMMJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:16.244919+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/VR5CMMMJ7BCYSTTD4NFBFZKK3H","json":"https://pith.science/pith/VR5CMMMJ7BCYSTTD4NFBFZKK3H.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/VR5CMMMJ7BCYSTTD4NFBFZKK3H/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/VR5CMMMJ7BCYSTTD4NFBFZKK3H/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/VR5CMMMJ"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/VR5CMMMJ7BCYSTTD4NFBFZKK3H","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/VR5CMMMJ7BCYSTTD4NFBFZKK3H.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/VR5CMMMJ","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2102.00894&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/VR5CMMMJ7BCYSTTD4NFBFZKK3H/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/VR5CMMMJ7BCYSTTD4NFBFZKK3H/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/VR5CMMMJ7BCYSTTD4NFBFZKK3H/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/VR5CMMMJ7BCYSTTD4NFBFZKK3H/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/VR5CMMMJ7BCYSTTD4NFBFZKK3H/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/VR5CMMMJ7BCYSTTD4NFBFZKK3H/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/VR5CMMMJ7BCYSTTD4NFBFZKK3H/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:16.244919+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:16.244919+00:00"}